Somorjai József szerk.: Komárom – Esztergom Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 4. (Tata, 1991)

Néprajz - Kövecses-Varga Etelka: Mogyórsbánya a népi építészete

In unseren Tagen nahm die Anzahl der alten Häuser stark ab, und auch ein Teil der Preßhäuser wurde umgebaut. Die bisherige Forschung wird - nach unseren Willen - der Ausgangspunkt einer weiteren architektonischen Forschung im östlichen Teil des Komitates Komárom-Esztergom sein. The Popular Architecture of Mogyorósbánya Etelka Kövecses-Varga When gathering the material for the ethnographic monography of Komárom-Esztergom county there took place the research of the popular architecture of Mogyorósbánya. Originally in the Arpadian age the village was inhabited by Hungarians but after the Turkish devastation it became mostly inhabited by Slovakians. Today the village is Magyarized but the older generation uses the Slovakian language, too. The population of the village delt partly with mining and partly with agriculture, but the members of both trades posessed land and vineyards. Closely connected to the last, there were built beautiful winecellars. From a settlement-geography cal point of view Mogyorósbánya belongs to the band-patched type line-villages. The oldest settlement can be found at that part of Felszabadulás street /Eliber at ion or Main street/ that lies south from the church. Our observations took in consideration the building material of the houses, the method of building, the heating system, the exterior aspect of the buildings and their changes, as well as the placing of the houses and the farm buildings on the patches. The oldest houses were built without any foundation, the walls were laid or beaten, and they had double-pitched roofs covered either with thatch or with reed, and on the longer side they had abutting eaves. The buildings had room + kitchen +/room/ + pantry and the only entrance opened from the kitchen. At the begining of our century one could find in the kitchen of some old houses a laid kitchen stove and a baking stove and above them there was an open chimney. The rebuilding of the houses began in the first decade of our century. Up to the 1930s this process changed in great measure the aspect of the village. Gradually the number of the houses built on stone foundation, of air-dried brick with Italian roof covered with tile and with portico increased. In these houses above the stoves which stood next to the cookers they built a part suitable for smoking meat, and the open chimnies were floored. Our observation deals with the changes that took place in the last decades, too. The number of the old houses decreased substantially. A part of the press-houses were transformed. The researches made up to the present - that is our intention - will be a starting point for a more detailed research regarding the architecture in the eastern part of Komárom-Esztergom county. 167