Kisné Cseh Julianna (szerk.): Annales Tataienses III. Régészeti adatok Tata történetéhez 1. (A Tatán 1999-ben megtartott tudományos ülésszakon elhangzott előadások anyaga). Mecénás Közalapítvány, Tata, 2003.
Vékonyné Vadász Éva: Kora vaskori halomsír Tata határában
Early Iron Age tumulus at Tata Eva V Vadász The article describes an early Iron Age grave, which was discovered at the foot of the Látóhegy at the NW fringes of Tata. Regrettably, the person who found the grave also unearthed it. From the description of the "excavator", the author presumes a tumulus, which could be max. 80-100 cm high in its ultimate state measuring 4-5 m in diameter at the ground level (Fig. 1-2). The burial (which lay on the contemporary floor level, in the depth of 210-220 cm, in the NE quarter of the ground surface) was covered by an approximately 500 cm high, flat, regular conical stone heap. After it had been cleared away, the "excavator" found sherds and a Smerjata brooch (Plate). He told the author that the burial itself contained the urn with the human ashes (no. 2, plate), surrounded by 16 vessels (Fig. 1). An ashy, sooty layer with charcoal indicated on the interior surface of the entire burial the place of the pyre that had been scraped together. In this "empty" western part of the grave there were 10 loom weights scattered without any system (plate no. 18). According to the author, the tumulus was buried to this depth by the continuous erosion of the vineyard and the alluvium deposited by the Altal-ér in its wide waterlogged basin. After the analysis of the feature and the finds from the respect of the age and the contacts, the author arrived to the following conclusions. The only find of a dating force is the Smerjata brooch, which implies the end of the HC and the beginning of the HD, that is around the turn of the 7 th - 6 th centuries BC. Most of the finds (nos. 5-15, 17) are common shapes of the HC, which could be used in the HD 1 as well. The author pays special attention to the lids (plates 2-15), the carinated bowls (plate 16), the jug-like vessels (plate 4) and the two urns (plates 2-3). According to the author, the fact that the lids covered bowls points to links with the SE Alpine region, while the burial rite and the grave-goods are of a Mediterranean origin. Regarding the rest of the described finds, she discusses the chronological problems they raise (Fig. 3). She considers the carinated bowls as the early versions of the type that appeared in result of contacts with the Lausitz culture (invasion?). Jugs are characteristic vessels of the HD 2-3 and the early Celtic period. This is why the author suggests that the vessels were already used earlier as well, and she has to cite the items from the yet unpublished cemetery of the commoners unearthed at Süttő. Regarding the urns, especially item no. 2, the author proposes that they were "inherited" from the Late Bronze Age (Gáva and Mezőcsát) mentioning, at the same time, contemporary analogues and those of the Vekerzug period. In this context the author describes the dating problems of Mezőcsát (Pre-Scythian) and Vekerzug (Scythian) with the existing contradictions. Finally she decides that the urns had a SE, E origin and affiliates the Tata find among find assemblages of this earlier Scythian invasion. The author supposes from the number of the weights and the large "empty" space that an entire loom was placed in the grave. Discussing the occurrence of Early Iron Age looms in settlements, the author concludes that placing a loom in a grave is a rare 121
