Béres Mária szerk.: Tiszavilág : A Tiszazugi Földrajzi Múzeum Közleményei 3. (Tiszaföldvár, 2008)
ÉRTEKEZÉSEK - Bagi Gábor: Faiskolák a Közép-Tisza vidékén 1874-ben
Faiskolák a Közép-Tisza vidékén 1874-ben Bagi Gábor* Nursery gardens in the area beyond the Tisza in 1874-After the Turkish conquerors had been chased out from Hungary, large-scale forest deployment began. The first data left behind date from Jászkunság (Jászság, Nagykunság) in the area of Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county. According to the register in 1728, 18 thousand trees were planted and all the other settlements were busy planting trees, too. The same situation might have been typical in the Jászság as well. The first regulations of the Jászkun district hadfirst been issued in 1762, which referredforestation and the selection of tree types to the captains of the given districts. Although the regulations were observed, the process and usage of forestation was highly divergent. That is the reason why estimating the extent of forestation is quite difficult, although later annual statement was constructed on the tree balance, growth and shrinkage. Then forestation was typical in settlements in Heves county as well, though in a smaller compass than in Jászkunság. While this was a duty of councils in the Jászság and in the Nagykunság, in the above mentioned area it had become a duty of the local squatters. Forestation is easily traceable in some of the bigger landed properties and the most beautiful results of this are those arboretums (Tiszakiirt, Tiszaigar, Újszász), which has remained up to now. In addition to deforestation several nursery gardens were established during the period of despotism after the Hungarian revolution of 1848/49. In 1854 the head captain of the Jászkunság besides the replacement of forests also ordered the establishment of new nursery gardens. With the leadership of count Gyula Szapáry, the activity of the Külső-Szolnok County Agricultural and Mounted Society was particularly important in Heves county in 1856. In 1860 it established a 8-10 Hungarian acred garden in Törökszentmiklós with the aim of forestation of the Hungarian Plain. Owing to some negative circumstances in the 1860s, such as the drought in 1863, the initiatives had only moderate effects. Just after the conciliation of 1867 were there a possibility to assert the directions to a greater extent. Oddly enough there are no accessible data on nursery gardens in the Jászkun district between 1867 and 1876, in spite of the fact that previously there had been the easiest to access to facts. We can get a picture on the area along the Tisza with the help of the yearbook of the Külső-Szolnok County Agricultural Society. In 1874, the agricultural, industrial and trade minister announced the delegation of Sándor Lukácsy state commissioner to examine the state of the nursery gardens. The questionnaire contained the following data: the name of the given village, the extension of the nursery garden, the date of its establishment, the basis of its maintenance, the quality ofthe soil, the repartition of tree balance, the fruit types grown by the inhabitants, the owner and functioning of the nursery garden and fürther remarks. The essay publish this survey. Az Alföldön a tudatos erdőtelepítés a török kiűzése után vette kezdetét. 1 Jász-NagykunSzolnok megye területén elsőnek a kiváltságolt — bár ekkor még földesúri függésben lévő — Jászkunságból (a Jászságból és a Nagykunságból) maradtak erre adatok. Az 1728-as összeírás szerint a Nagykunságban Karcagújszálláson 18.000 fát ültettek a portákon, de a többi településen is tevékeny munka folyt. Bizonnyal hasonló volt a helyzet a kevésbé elpusztult Jászságban is. A földesúri alávetés alól felszabadult Jász* Történész-muzeológus, Damjanich János Múzeum, 5000 Szolnok, Kossuth tér 4. E-mail: gbagi@djm.hu 1 KOLOSS VÁRY Szabolcsné 1975.
