Béres Mária szerk.: Tiszavilág : A Tiszazugi Földrajzi Múzeum Közleményei 3. (Tiszaföldvár, 2008)

ÉRTEKEZÉSEK - Urbán László: A mezőgazdaság nagyüzemi átalakításának hatása Tiszaföldvár és környéke szőlőtermelésére

TIS ZAVI LAG III. A mezőgazdaság nagyüzemi átalakításának hatása Tiszaföldvár és környéke szőlőtermelésére Dr. Urbán László * The effects of large-scale agriculture on the vine growing of the Tiszaföldvár region — In the two and a half decades that started in the middle of the 20

th century, the main process in Hungarian agriculture was the formation of large-scale farming. These changes fundamentally altered the conditions of vine growing in and around Tiszaföldvár, where this type of farming had been characterised by smallholder domains earlier. In the first two years of the large-scale conversion starting in the autumn of 1948, collectivisation did not affect the vine growing sector in a significant way. There were no essential changes in production conditions, but the background institutions of farming, and the organisations dealing with procurement, merchandizing, and processing were basically altered. After the overview of these changes, and based upon archival sources, this paper is making an attempt to describe the history of the forms of cooperatives that were characteristic in the Tiszazug region in details. In the 1950s, the objective of these cooperatives was to draw vineyards into collective farming. It is trying to establish that, despite the main efforts of the official agricultural policy, viticulture was mainly pursued in smallholder domains even at the end of the decade. Although the conditions of vine production were not favourable, the area of vineyards grew considerably in the 50s, and did not decline until the mid-60s. However, disimprovement in quality was apparent. In the second half of the 1960s, the area of vineyards started to decrease gradually but steadily. In the vicinity of Kunszentmárton, the area of vineyards occupied more than 50% less area than a decade earlier. In the wake of the creation of the framework of large-scale farming, the decline of large dimensions in quality and quantity did not come to an end until the second half of the 70s, when the techniques and technology of large-scale production had been established. Newspapers in the 80s proudly reported about the new vineyards of producers ' cooperatives. The quantitative changes were coupled with the alteration offarming methods and the introduction of new kinds of grapes. The author concludes his paper by ascertaining the fact that during the twenty-five years of the large-scale transformation of agriculture, vine growing in the Tiszazug region went through fundamental changes. In the middle of the 2(f century, nearly all vine-lands were owned by smallholders, three decades later, however, large-scale vine production became dominant in this sector of agriculture. A XX. század első felének végén a magyar mezőgazdaságban a kis- és középparaszti gazdaságoknak volt uralkodó szerepe. A következő két és fél évtizedben viszont az agrárágazat fő folyamata a nagyüzemi gazdálkodás kialakítása volt. A negyedszázados időszak első részében — Szolnok megyében 1959-ig — lezajlott a kollektivizálás, a paraszti egyéni gazdálkodás felszámolása. A nagyüzemi jellegű gazdálkodás kiépülése csak ezt követően, a 60—70-es években történt meg. A változások iránya, üteme és jellemzői Ti* Gazdaságtörténész. 1155 Budapest, Mozdonyvezető utca 14. E-mail: urban5@t-online.hu