Horváth László – H. Bathó Edit – Kaposvári Gyöngyi – Tárnoki Judit – Vadász István szerk.: Tisicum - A Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megyei Múzeumok Évkönyve 13. (2003)

Celtic House near Szelevény Village (1986-1987)

SEDLACKOVA, Hedvika-WALUHAUSbK, Jifi 1987. Laténská pohfebistá ve strednim Polabi, okr. Nymburk. Latènezeitliche Gräberfelder in dem mittleren Elbegebiet, Bez. Nymburk. Památky Archeologické, LXXVIII. 1. Praha, 134-204. VADÁSZ, Éva 1986. Komárom County II. Corpus of Celtic Finds in Hungary I. Transdanubia 1. (L H0RVÁTH-M. KELEMEN-A. UZSOKI-É. VADÁSZ) Budapest, 231-248. VASILIEV, Valentin Scitii agatírsi pe teritoriul României. Die Skythen-Agathyrsen auf dem Gebiete Rumäniens. Cluj-Napoca. WALDHAUSER, Jiri 1976. Sidlistë podmokelské skupiny u Nestemic (о. Sstí п. L). Eine Siedlung der Bodenbacher Gruppe bei Nestëmice, Bez. Ústí n. L. Památky Archeologické, LXVII.1. Praha, 31-84. WALDHAUSER, Jiri 1977. Keltské sidlistë u Radovesic v severozápadních Cechách (Prehlad vyzkumû a stav hodnocení). Die keltische Siedlung bei Radovesice, Bez. Teplice in Nordwestböhmen (Übersicht der Ausgrabungen und Stand der Auswertung). Archeologické rozhledy, XXIX. 2. Praha, 144-177. WALUHAUÖtH, Jin-HULUUIMAN, ГВ1Г 1984. Keltské sidlistë a pohrebistë u Bíliny, о. Teplice. Keltische Siedlung und Gräberfeld bei Bilina, Bez. Teplice. Památky Archeologické, LXXV. 1. Praha, 181-216. WALDHAUSER, Jiri (Unter Mitarbeit von P. H0L0DNÁK und Z. SEDLÁCEK) 1988. Keltische Gräberfelder in Böhmen. Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 68.1987. Mainz am Rhein, 25-179. WINDL, Helmut 1972. Eine spätlatenezeitliche Siedlung in Herzogenburg, p. B. St. Polten, NO. Archaeologia Austriaca, 51. Wien, 58-96. 1967. Un cimitir celtic ín nord-vestul Romaniei. Ciumesti I. Ein keltisches Gräberfeld in Nordwestrumanien. Ciumesti I. Baia Mare. 1971. Beiträge zur Kenntnis des keltischen Latène in Rumänien. Dacia (nouvelle série), XV. Bucuresti, 171-238. ZIRRA, Vlad 1980. Locuiri din a douä epoca a fierului în nord-vestul României (Asezarea contemporanâ cimitirului Latène de la Ciumesti si habitatul indigen de la Berea, jud. Satu Mare. Habitat d'époque La Tène dans le nord-ouest de la Roumanie (L'agglomération laténienne de Ciumesti et le village indigène de Berea, Dép. Satu Mare). Satu Mare, IV. Satu Mare, 39-84. JÁNOS CSEH CELTIC HOUSE NEAR SZELEVENY VILLAGE (1986-1987) ABSTRACT The author presents the archaeological material (building, set of kitchen and table utensils, others) of a small Celtic settlement from the Middle Tisza Region - more closely the Tiszazug -, dated i.e. belonging to the La Tène culture. He does it in order to provide additional data for the appearance, aspect of Iron Age abodes to be only little-known even these days. The main results of the excavations at Szelevény are relating to the Early Migration Period (Gepids), thus the more detailed description of this archaeological site must be joined with publication of that. Most important informations of such nature are the following. The place can be found south-west of the village about two kms away, adjoining the former Sweiger-farmstead, south of it, where a roughly 150-200x50 m sized elevation is running out into the flood area. On this spot there was excavated present hut-base of the Late Iron Age in May 1987. Crucial fact concerning the settlement pattern is that on the small peninsula-islet only a single house came to light (approx. half of the hillock is to be considered as thoroughly searched). It follows from all this that here the researcher faces an expressly very little abode, farm. This is one of the settlent types/forms being exceedingly well determined, a true flat-land feature (vicus-aedificium-aedifica privata). In the Tisza Region there may be mentioned, among others, Tiszafiired-Morotvapart and Szolnok-Zagyvapart, although in the cases of these the archaeology knows settlements being made up of more houses, buildings. The house deepened into the ground (Grubenhaus) in Szelevény was a rectangle shaped one of west-east direction with 505-515x290-305 cm size (the basic area is about 15 m

2

). The harder floor of the hut remnant ran on a level -35 cm, at the deepest point. Along the longitudinal sides pits, diggings in were linked with the house quadrangle. The excavator noticed an only hole coming into consideration as post-place, namely by the western shorter side-wall. The entrance, door could have been in the north, presumably. The building with its longish format is going well with Celtic structures having dug out in the county and other sites (e.g. recently Törökszentmiklós-Kenderpart, outside the earlier excavations environs of Kengyel, nevertheless one may refer to several others). Bringing forward the artifacts, the author writes down and comments on first the finds not pertaining to sets of vessels, which are amounting to nearly ten pieces in all. Three bronze objects, hemisperical-eared button, little wire ear and a fragment turned up a part of the Celtic buttons can be determined, no doubt, as fittings of the dress (e.g. Balsa, Herzogenburg). Fragment of an iron chain had functioned perhaps by way of belt or sword-belt, as also classical author's passage mentions this. The spindle-disc carved from pot's wall among the Szelevény finds is such an implement, that is characteristic of the Celtic settlements in Central Europa, very well. There occurs a stag-horn with cuts, furthermore two atypical stones, besides one stone axe of the Prehistoric Age (Chalcoliticum?). The material is completed by the osteological collection. Giving place to the ceramics, the author is able to count nearly a hundred fragments which are to be ranked among three groups. Shards of the wheel-turned vessels of fine paste gives about a third 66