Selmeczi László szerk.: Szolnok Megyei Múzeumi Évkönyv (1982-83)

Pál, Raczky: Origins of the Custom of Burying the Dead inside Houses in South-East Europe. A házba való temetkezés szokásának kezdetei Délkelet-Európában

Band Pottery burials were placed in cemeteries which were separate from the settlement, and thus the "funerary huts" erected over these graves were in no relation whatsoewer to the settlement. These structures were most probably symbols of burials within houses the "house of the dead". In the opinion of the author the complexity of the burial rites at the beginning of the South-East European Early Neolithic outlined can best be explained by the initial patchwork of NOTES 1 M. Gimbutas: The Neolithic Cultures on the Balkan Peninsula. Aspects of the Balkans, Continuity and Change, Contributions to the International Balkan Conference held at UCLA, October, 23-28, 1969. (The Hague 1972); M. Gimhuias: Old Europe с 7000-3500 B.C.: The earliest European civilisation before the infiltration of the Indoeuropean peoples. Journal of Indo-European Studies 1/1973/1-20. 2 Miiller-Karpe 1968, 86-91; R. Tringham: Hunters, Fishers and Farmers of Eastern Europe

6000-3000 B.C. (London 1971) 68-69; P. M. Dolukhanov: The neolithisation of Europe: a chronological and ecological approach, in: The Explanation of Culture Change (Duckworth 1973) 329-342. 3 J. G. D. Clark: Radiocarbon dating and the expansion of farming culture from Near East over Europe. PPS 31/1965/58-73; H. Quitta: Der Balkan als Mittler zwischen Vorderem Orient und Europa, in: Evolution und Revolution im Alten Orient und in Europa (Berlin 1971) 38-63; A. J. Ammerman-L. L. Cavalli-Sforza: A population model for the diffusion of early farming in Europe, in: The Explanation of Culture Change (Duckworth 1973) 343-357; /. R. Harlan: The Origins of Cereal Agriculture intthe Oldd World, in: Origins of Agriculture (The HagueParis 1977) 367-368; Bökönyi S.: Délkelet-Európa korai állattartásának kialakulása és közel-keleti kapcsolatai. Agrártörténeti Szemle 19/1977/1-23; Kalicz N.-Raczky P.: Új-e az „újrégészet"? Valóság 1977/6, 76-94; Makkay J.: A szegvár-tűzkövesi újkőkori férfiszobor és a „föld és ég elválasztásának" ősi mitosza. ArchÉrt 105/1978/164-183. 4 Kalicz 1980 5 Kalicz N.: A neolitkutatás Magyarországon. Valóság 1976/1, 29, 33-34; Kalicz N.: Funde der ältesten Phase der Linienbandkeramik in Südtransdanubien. MittArchlnst 8/9 (1978-79) 26-35. 6 Raczky 1980, 27. 7 Kalicz-Raczky 1978, 274. 8 Trogmayer 1969, 5-15. 9 Csalog J.

: Zur Frage der Körös-Gruppe in Ungarn. ActaAntSzeged VIII (1965) 19-25. 10 Trogmayer 1969, 7. 11 Kutzián I.: Ausgrabungen in Szakmar-Kisülés im Jahre 1975. MittArchlnst 7/1977/13-17. 12 Kalicz-Raczky 1978, 274 13 Letica 1974. 54-57; Letica 1975. 101-104. 14 D. Srejovic: Lepenski Vir- a new Prehistoric Culture in the Danubian Region. AI VII/1966/13-17; D. Srejovic: The Roots of the Lepenski Vir Culture. AI XI/1971/13-21; Jovanovic 1969; Jovanovic 1972; B. Jovanovic: The relative chronological relations of the Older Neolithic of the Iron Gate and Vojvodina. Materijali X/1974/31-49; Jovanovic 1975. 15 D. Srejovic: La néolithisation de la région des portes de fer. Godisnjak-Sarajevo XVI/1978/21-29. 16 Makkay J.: "Das frühe Neolithikum auf der Otzaki Magula" und die KörösStarcevo Kultur. ActaArchHung 26/1974/152. 17 M. Gimbutas: Neolithic Macedonia. As reflected by Excavations at Anza, Southeast Yugoslavia (Los Angeles 1976) 72-76. 18 N. Vlassa: Eine frühneolithische Kultur mit bemalter Keramik der Vor-StarcevoKörös-Zeit in Cluj-Gura Baciului, Siebenbürgen. PZ 47/1972/187-191. 19 /. Todorovic-D. Simoska-B. Kitanoski: The Settlement of Pesterica and the Problem of the Early Neolithic in Pelagonia. AI XVIII/1977/1-3. 20 J. K. Kozlowski-S. K. Kozlowski: Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic in Europe. (Wroclaw 1974) 70. 21 Srejovic 1969; D. Srejovic: Die Lepenski Vir-Kultur und der Beginn der Jungsteinzeit an der mittleren Donau. Fundamenta A3. (Köln l

l

)7l| I 39; Srejovit 1972; Srejovü 1973; D. Srejovic: Lepenski Vir, Menschenbilder einer frühen europäischen Kultur (Mainz 1981) 22 Z. Letica: Vlasac-nouvel habitat de la culture de Lepenski Vir a Derdap. AI X/1969/7-11

; Srejovic 1973, 204-206; Z. Letica: Vlasac-habitat épipaleolithique new ethnic formations and the new epoch itself which emerged as a result of basic and important changes in terms of economic history

54

. It has been possible to demonstrate the practice of burying the deceased within houses in several cultural complexes and to outline its development. That this burial custom survived for a long time in European prehistory is also corroborated by the testimony of ethnographic evidence

55

. dans la région des Portes de Fer. Actes du VHie congres international des sciences prehistoriques et protohistoriques (Beograd 1973) 192-196: Srejovic-Letica 1978. 23 B. Jovanovic

: Elements of the Early Neolithic Architecture in the Iron Gate Gorge and their Functions. AI IX/1968/1-9; Jovanovic 1969; Jovanovii' 1972; B. Jovanovic: The Early Neolithic Architecture of Djerdap (Iron Gates) Gorge. Actes du VIII

е congres international des sciences prehistoriques et protohistoriques (Beograd 1973) 290-293; Jovanovic 1975 24 Srejovic 1969, 136-138: Srejovic 1972; 117-124. 25 D. Srejovic: Lepenski Vir-a new Prehistoric Culture in the Danubian Region. AI VII/1966/ 15. 26 Bökönyi

! S.: A Lepenski Vir-i őskori telep gerinces faunája. ArchÉrt 96/1969/ 159. 27 Srejovic 1969, 136-137, Pl. 69.; Srejovic 1972, 120, Pl. 61. 28 Note 22. 29 Note 23. 30 Jovanovic l'W, 23-28; Jovanovic 1972, 49-58; Jovanovic 1975, 13-14. 31 Note 13. 32 JóriJ.: A vallás kialakulásának kezdetei (Budapest 1970) 129-132. 33 A. Benac: Obre I. A neolithic settelement of the Starcevo-Impresso and Kakanj cultures at Raskrse. Wissenschaftliche Mitteilungen des Bosnisch-herzegovinischen Landesmuseum. Band III (1973) Heft A, 353-357. 34 Jovanovii 1969, 31 35 R. J. Rodden-J. M. Rodden: A European Link with Chatal Hüyük: The 7th Millenium Settlement of Nea Nikomedeia in Macedonia-Part II-Burials and Shrine. The Illustrated London News April 18, 1964. 36 Hourmouziadis 1973, 210. 37 G. Hourmouziadis: Two new Early Neolithic sites in West Thessaly. AAA IV/1971/ 167; Hourmouziadis 1973, 210. 38 Garasanin 1968, 255. 39 Mellaart 1967, 204-209. 40 Mellaart 1967. Fig. 14-15. PI. 45-49. 41 Mellaart 1967, 167-168, 84-105; /. A. Todd: Catal Hüyük in Perspective (Menlo Park 1976) 72. 42 S. S. Weinberg: The Stone Age in the Aegean, in: The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. I, Part 1. 567. 43 J. Mellaart: Earliest civilizations of the Near East (London 1965) 26-27. 44 Mellaart 1975, 61, 146, 150 etc.; R. de Vaux: Palestine during the Neolithic and Chalcholithic Periods, in: The Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. I, Part 1, 507-508. 45 V. Boroneant: La période épipaleolithique sur la rive roumanie des Portes de Fer du Danube. PZ45/1970/

19; ^4. Häusler: Die Bestattungssitten des Früh-und Mittelneolithikums und ihre Interpretation, in

: Evolution und Revolution im Alten Orient und in Europa (Berlin 1971) 109; Jovanovfr 1975, 10-14. 46 Letica 1974, 55-56; Letica 1975, 98 47 C. J. Gallis: Cremation Burials Since Early Neolithic Age in Thessaly. AAA/1975/ 257-258. 48 Makkay J.

: Über neolithische Opferformen. Valcamonica Symposium'73 (Capo di Ponte 1974) 171. 49 G. I. Georgiev: Das Neolithikum und Chalkolithikum in der Thrakischen Tiefebene (Südbulgarien), Probleme des heutigen Forschungsstandes. Thracia I (1972) Fig. 4. 50 e.g.: Cemetery of Cernica- G. Cantacuzino: The prehistoric necropolis of Cernica and its place in the neolithic cultures of Romania and Europe in the light of recent discoveries. Dacia XIII/1969/ 45-59. 51 Jovanovic 1972; Jovanovic 1975 52 50. note 53 D. Khatke: Die Bestattungssitten des Donaulandischen Kulturkreise der jüngeren Steinzeit. (Berlin 1955) 65-70, 91. 54 E. Comsa: Contributie cu priviere la riturile funerare din epoca neolitica de pe teritoriul tarii noastre. Omagiu lui С Daicoviciu (1960) 84-86; R. Galovic: Sahranivane u Starcevackoj kulturi. Starinar 18/1967/ 167-172; Garasanin 1968, 255; Trogmayer 1969 55 Garasanin 1968, 255 and note 87.