Agria 41. (Az Egri Múzeum Évkönyve - Annales Musei Agriensis, 2005)

Domboróczki László: A háromszögletű AVK-fejek szimbolikája

considered together it became evident that the Neolithisation of the region, although it was initially thought to have been the result of cultural influences coming from the south,

6 can now be explained explicitly by the spread of the Körös ethnic group.

7 Until now the weakest link in the argument for a close relationship between the Körös Culture and the Szatmár Group has been the evidence supplied by the plastic artefacts. It is unquestionably difficult to prove in any precise way that the figures characteristic of the Szatmár Group derived from the spiritual domain of the Körös Culture, as the Körös Culture and Szatmár Group figures share few formal similarities. While the Körös figurines are generally log-headed, fatbottomed women (Table. 2. ills. 1-2., Table 3. ills. 1, 4.), four-legged zoomorphic figures (Table 3. ill. 3.) and, to a lesser extent, flat-bodied idols, Szatmár Group figures (Table 3. ill. 2.) have, with the exception of a few flat-bodied idols, have been made up entirely of figures with triangular heads (Table 4. ill. 3.) taking either an anthropomorphic, or four-legged zoomorphic form. Later, in the more developed phases of the ALP (Table 4. ills. 1-2.), the Szatmár types continue to be handed on down

8 and the discrepancies existing with the Körös Culture types become all the more striking (Table 4. ill. 5). The log head differs from the triangular head to almost the same degree that the fat bottom differs from the flattened body, with the result that at first glance there don't appear to be any similarities between the Körös and the ALP idols whatsoever. It was for this reason that it was previously believed that two distinct ideologies lay behind these two differing formal languages. This also complied with the widely held belief that the people of the Szatmár Group were mainly made up of the local indigenous population.

9 The new data mentioned above, arising partly from the research which has been going on in Heves County, suggest however that there was a close relationship between the Körös Culture and the Szatmár Group, even though in the case of the forms used only a few transitional characteristics currently appear to be evident.

10 The idols found at Szajol (Table 2. ill. 1.), Gyoma (Table 3. ill. 1.) and Méhtelek (Table 3. ills. 4-5.) do, on the way their heads take a triangular form, represent a kind of a typological progression leading from the log-headed fat-bottomed phallic-steatopyg figures of the Körös Culture to the ALP figurines (Table 4. ills 1-3.).

u The Körös Culture figure from Méhtelek (Table 3. ill. 3.) and 6 Nándor KALICZ-János MAKKAY 1972. 77-78. 7 László DOMBORÓCZKI 2003. 35-43.; László DOMBORÓCZKI 2005. 8 Nándor KALICZ-János MAKKAY 1972. 80. 9 See footnote 2. 10 See footnote 7. 11 This was noted by Nándor Kalicz and János Makkay at the time of the Méhtelek excavations: Nándor KALICZ-János MAKKAY 1976. 18-19. 19