Agria 33. (Az Egri Múzeum Évkönyve - Annales Musei Agriensis, 1997)

Gyulai Ferenc: Kompolt 15. számú lelőhely növénymaradványai a hazai italkészítés legkorábbi (rézkori) közvetett bizonyítékai

ZÓLYOMI В. 1953. Die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Vegetation Ungarns seit dem letzten Interglazial. Acta Biologica Scientarium Hungaricae 4, 367-430. ZÓLYOMI В. 1980. Landwirtschaftliche Kultur und Wandlung der Vegetation im Holozän am Balaton. Phytocoenologia 7, 121-126. Ferenc Gyulai Proof of Copper Age drink production based on the botanical remains found at site number 15, Kompolt-Kistér farm Whilst analysing find number 50 at site 15 in Kompolt Andrea Vaday (The Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest) found some charred grains. A soil sample was then taken in the region of the find and the following botanical types were found: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): 1 whole grain and a charred fragment, Cornel cherry (Cornus mas L.): 204 complete charred seeds and 106 fragments, Hazel (Corylus avellana L.): 114 fragments of charred shells, Wild vine (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. silvestris (Gmel.) Hegi): 13 complete charred pips and 1 charred pip fragments, Danewart (Sambucus ebulus L..): 15 complete charred seeds and 3 charred seed fragments, White Goose-foot (chenopodium album L.): 1 complete charred seed, Black Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara L.) 4 complete charred seeds. From the charred botanical remains we can conclude that a substantial seed harvest perished. The best part of the seeds were from wild fruits and natural vegetation found naturally in the vicinity, to this one can add cultivated cereal grains and the seeds of the weeds which grew amongst them. From the sample gathered it is the seeds of the gathered wild fruits which predominate. This adds substance to the hypothesis that such fruits were collected for preparation purposes. The other seeds found their way into the sample by chance. Without a doubt barley amounted to one of their most important cereal types. The original flower types found their way into the sample both deliberately and by chance. Based on the types of seeds and fruits found the site must have been one which underwent substantial ecological change: marsh/fenwood, fring forest were in the near vicinity. The types of wild fruits found in the sample (hazel, cornel cherry) glumaceous cornel, wild vine) suggest that they were not eaten raw. If the above had been the case they would have been found spread over a large area and not in one place. Like the walnut the hazelnut can be used in any number of ways, whilst cornel can only be used to make drink and jam and wild vine wine. Wine made of wild vine has a pleasant taste. Excellent wine can be made from cornel with the addition of honey and water. In prehistoric Hungary Kompolt is the only site where cornel and wild vine have been found in substantial quantities. In our opinion both types of drink were prepared, thus proving the existence of the earliest fermented alcoholic drinks in Hungary. 76