Agria 33. (Az Egri Múzeum Évkönyve - Annales Musei Agriensis, 1997)

Bánffy Eszter–Bíró Katalin–Vaday Andrea: Újkőkori és rézkori telepnyomok Kompolt 15. sz. lelőhelyén

(la) by V. Nemejcová-Pavúková, but considered to belong to the newly established ProtoPoleráz phase by N. Kalicz. N. Kalicz, who introduced this new ware and phase into archaeological literature, based his inferences mainly on Transdanubian assemblages. There the sequence of the Middle Copper Age can clearly be divided to three phases: Balaton-Lasinja, parallel to Bodrogkeresztiir A is the oldest phase, followed by the so-called Furchenstich-phase, parallel with the Hunyadihalom-Salcu|a IV horizon in Eastern Hungary, and finally, the Proto-Boleráz phase could be separated, preceding the Late Chalcolithic, the Boleráz horizon. N. Kalicz gave a detailed description of the Proto-Boleráz phase, assuming it to be spread in the whole territory of Hungary. Although the phase Hunyadihalom was also present as an independent horizon in the Upper Tisza area, no traces of this phase are known from the vicinity of Kompolt yet. Meanwhile, Slovakian researchers of the field are of the opinion that the Ludanice culture did survive till the end of the Middle Copper Age while taking up some Furchenstich elements only as a decoration technique. Should this assumption prove to be true, a similar cultural development can easily be assumed in the case of Kompolt, which lies in a fairly small geographical distance to Slovakian Ludanice sites, and it is also located within the distribution area of the Ludanice culture. Although it appears quite evident that no general inferences can be drawn based on single sites or archaeological assemblages, the chalcolithic finds of Kompolt, Site No. 15 may hopefully contribute to the problematic of the middle chalcolithic cultural formations mixing with a new, infiltrating group of Low Danubian origin: to their relations to each other as well as to the chronology of the Proto-Boleráz phase and the Gyöngyöshalász typed ware. The entire lithic material is not very large. Based on the dating of pottery finds, the majority of stone implements must belong to the end of the Middle, or just to the beginning of the Late Chalcolithic, the Proto-boleráz horizon. Two of the features also contained Neolithic finds, belonging to the Alföld Linear Pottery culture (Szilmeg group) and Szakáihát culture. Feature Nr. 11 can be considered to be the richest in silices, containing several radiolarite finds from Úrkút-Eplény. This raw material is typical for the Transdanubian Sopot culture, as well as for some synchronous Alföld sites as Öcsöd or Szegvár, dated to the beginning of Late Neolithic. Special finds from Feature Nr. 50 are some splinters of Szeletian quartzporphyry, which - according to our recent knowledge - is a raw material exclusively used in the Palaeolithic. Presumably, the population of the site Kompolt obtained this raw material by gathering and re-utilizing some scattered palaeolithic stone implements; although it is also not without any parallels that chalcolithic cultural groups turn to a raw material which had already been used in Palaeolithic times, but it was neglected throughout the Neolithic. This process is to be observed e.g. in the case of the Upper Triassic hornstone of Buda. 57