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Judit Balogh The Székely Society and the Castle Sieges. The New Role of the Military Society The paper discusses the role of the Székelys as a military society and their strategies during the castle sieges. Following the partitioning of the Kingdom of Hungary into three parts, the Székelys have been simultaneously burdened by extraordinary taxes and frequent military service, which accelerated their social crisis towards the end of the Middle Ages. They also joined the 1561-1562 fights against John Sigismund. Some of them became pro-Habsburg, while others aimed to regain their freedom, however most of their aristocracy used the uprisings to get even with each other. The consequences of the Székely uprising, which was guided by very conflicting interests, were crucial for the Székely people as a whole. The decrees of the 1562 Segesvár Diet stripped the Székely of their ancient privileges, which had become an integral part of their legal traditions during the Middle Ages. The primores and the primipili were ranked among the county’s nobility, while the commoners became taxpayers. The situation did not favour the primores either, because the king appointed his own men in higher ranks than theirs, also awarding them sizeable lands. The Székely public administration autonomy was curbed in many areas as well. In this situation the participation in castle sieges offered a chance for a new compromise between the Székely primores and John Sigismund, who granted serfs to the Székely primores and primipili. It seems that these new circumstances were best utilised by those who took several paths simultaneously to climb the social ladder instead of opting for a military career only. Consequently, the combination of taking several offices, domineering and participating in national politics propelled some to higher social positions. This route was mostly open to the elite ofUdvarhelyszék. 167 i
