Bujdosné Pap Györgyi et al.: Mozgó frontvonalak. Háború és diplomácia a várháborúk időszakában 1552-1568 - Studia Agriensia 35. (Eger, 2017)

Florin-Nicolae Ardelean: On the Foreign Mercenaries and Early Modern Military Innovations in East Central Europe. Castaldo's Army in Transsylvania and the Banat

Yilmaz, Hüseyin

2009 Imperial ideology. In: Masters, Bruce - Ágoston Gábor (ed.): Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire. New York, 273. Yurdusev, Ahmet Nuri

2012 Ottoman Conception of War and Peace in the Classical Period. In: Hashmi, Sohail H. (ed.): Just Wars, Holy Wars and Jihads. Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Encounters and Exchanges. Oxford Univ. Press, New York, 190-206.

Dóra Kerekes

“Entrance to the Sublime Porte” Negotiations and Negotiation Techniques at the Sultan’s Court

The diplomacy of the Ottoman Empire, stories by European envoys to the Sultan, descriptions of the “strange behaviour” of their negotiating partners and the memories of these meetings, the differences (at the time) between the customs and ceremonies in the Eastern and Western diplomacies. Not to mention linguistic, religious and cultural differences, which had to be overcome by the European delegates in order to conduct successful negotiations in Constantinople. Most of these meetings were held at the Saray, which had a strict protocol for the reception offoreign diplomats, rather like a magnificent stage-play with real actors and extras. Eastern diplomacy was very different from its Western counterpart, therefore envoys arriving here were primarily not diplomats, but clever people who were capable of successfully navigating and avoiding the pitfalls of the Saray Naturally there were not alone in this endeavour. They were often accompanied and aided by those who were familiar with the Eastern practices - interpreters who were locally born and socialised.

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