Bujdosné Pap Györgyi et al.: Mozgó frontvonalak. Háború és diplomácia a várháborúk időszakában 1552-1568 - Studia Agriensia 35. (Eger, 2017)
Florin-Nicolae Ardelean: On the Foreign Mercenaries and Early Modern Military Innovations in East Central Europe. Castaldo's Army in Transsylvania and the Banat
practical experience on the battlefield. Thus the military conflicts from this period and regions that involved soldiers of such different origins contributed to the formation of what some specialists call an East-Central European warfare culture.16 The army of Castaldo was, to a certain extent, a model for the Transylvanian armies in the following decades. The Habsburg military force was led and coordinated by a complex hierarchy of officers. An important role was played by officers and civilians in charge with administrative matters such as the magister comeatus, who had to supervise the food provisions of the army and the paymaster (magister lustrationum) in charge of inspecting the troops and paying the wages.2. According to Centorio in the army of Castaldo there were officers in charge with organizing the camp during campaigns, judging disputes between soldiers and supervising the distribution of supplies.26 27 28 In the following years the Transylvanian principality adopted a similar command hierarchy. On the eve of the 1566 campaign directed against the Habsburgs,29 János Zsigmond Szapolyai and the members of the diet elected some of the most important officers in the army. The supreme command was given to a captain general while the other responsibilities were shared by pairs of officers: two nobles were chosen for the position of camp master (tábor mester), two as masters of the guards (strása mester), two were in charge with the purchase of provisions and supplies for the army, two with the fortification of the camp (sáncz mester) and two were assigned to supervise the transport of the artillery, for which they were provided with 100 horses.30 The paymaster (fizetőmester) office was created later, probably in 1594, when János Gerndi was appointed to oversee the payment of mercenary troops.31 He was succeeded in this office by Gyerőfi János.32 During their short stay in Transylvania the Habsburgs invested in the military defensive system of the country. Besides wages, provisions and weapons, military expenditure also included the construction and modernization of fortresses. At the end of July 1551, work was started on the fortifications of Nagyszeben and Gyulafehérvár, followed shortly by Szászsebes.33 These works were supervised by the Italian architect Alessandro da Urbino, while another architect, Sigismundo 26 Szabó 2013.988. 27 ÖStA HHStA Hungarica AA Fas.58, Konv. B, f 8. 28 Centorio 1566.60. 29 When the Habsburg rule over Transylvania ended in 1556, János Zsigmond Szapolyai and his mother Isabella returned from exile and resumed their rule over the country. In the following decades, until the peace treaty of Speyer in 1571, the principality was engaged in a prolonged war against the Habsburgs. Ardelean 2008-2009.39-53. 30 MCRT vol. II1876.309-311. 31 MCRT vol. Ill 1877.440-442. 32 Bogdándi 2001.27-28. 33 ÖStA HHStA Hungarica AA Fas. 58, Konv. C, f. 106. 121 T
