Vezető a Déri Múzeum kiállításaihoz (Debrecen, 1978)

English Summary

followings: the bronze-mountings, the remnants of saddle iron fittings (Ondód), the horse-furniture, the bow made with bone-lath-braces (HortobágyÁrkus) and the pots. (Ártánd) According to the anthropological examinations there were also groups of mongolid character among them. (Ondód skull) Avar female wear-art (vitriné 25.) Their precious metal earclips and rings are Byzantine goldsmith's works or .the copies of them. The bracelets held together the sleeves of their dresses. The round, pierced mountings decorated the tops of the hand-bags. Besides the tendril and animal figurái mountings sometimes they pictured man figures, (fig. 21.) The first Magyar settlers of Hungary The leading layer of the first settlers (vitriné 26.) Apparently the society of the first settlers still fell into the ancient clan-groups, but the contents of the groups represents unities brought about artificially. This is why the difference is so great among the noble, the middle and the common people. In vitriné 26 a rosette horse furniture of a female grave, unearthed near Artánd Nagyfarkasdomb, and the gilded silver girdle mountings, found in Berettyóújfalu, can be seen. The middle layer of the first Magyar settlers (vitriné 27.) The warriors of the middle layer used sabre, bow and sword. They used axe also as a weapon. (Püspökladány) The coins, brought home in the course of their wanderings about, they used as costume ornaments or their goldsmiths refined them into pendant mountings and disks which hung from their braids. Their potters cantinued making the two-eared ribbedncked pots as a tradition from the surroundings of Lake Aral, (fig .22.) In vitriné 28 one can see the relics of the middle layer's cemeteries. They were engaged mainly in agriculture. Their jewels are simple. We show their relics on the map of Nádudvar-Töröklaponyag cemetery. The life of villages in the Arpadian Era (vitriné 29.) The first Magyar settlers were not wandering nomadics. They lived in villages, followed a settled way of life, they ere engaged mainly in agriculture and bred animals. The pots of the housholds were made of clay, the most typical of them is the earthenware kettle which form is characteristic only of the Hungarians until the beginning of the 14th century when they ceased to use it. 400