A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 2005 (Debrecen, 2006)

Természettudomány - Dudás Miklós: A térségi nagy tájalakítások természetvédelmi vonatkozásai a Hortobágyi Nemzeti Park területén

Miklós Dudás ASPECTS IN NATURE CONSERVATION OF MONUMENTAL LANDSCAPE ALTERATIONS OF HORTOBÁGY Human activity has got crucial role in developing of Hortobágy landscape for centuries. In the last 100-150 years events which followed eachother formed the ecological systems occuring here became faster. Transformation is in progress nowadays, also. Regulation of river Tisza, settleing fishpond-systems, building of irrigation canals as Eastcrnand Western Main Chanel, using of intensified pastures (artificial fertilizer, irrigate), installing rice-fields, starting cultivate of loess-meadows as ploughed lands, executing afforestation of the Great Plain were all interventions, that resulted gradual transition of previous, characteristic structured eco-systems. Traditional animal husbandry, which has been kept for centuries with animals resisting to extreme climate all year around, was changed by a new form of farming with more sensitive, barn-dependent, but more popular species shown better produce rates. Decreasing number of grazing animals made considerable influence on several types of either typical saline vegetation forms or invertebral animal groups. By the end of the second millenium, many of the wild birds of the „puszta" has disappeared like Collared Pratincole, Short-toed Lark and Kentish Plover as nesting species; others, like Stone Curlew and Great Bustard became regionally endangered species. On the other hand, new breeding species appeared here, like Long-legged Buzzard, White-tailed Eagle, Saker, Cormorant etc., that shows there must be a highly flexible, but dinamically changing living system here. It is possible to form cronological sequence of spontaneous or conscious interventions of human and their results, and it could be shown to people are interested in. 179 %: