A Debreceni Déri Múzeum Évkönyve 1982 (Debrecen, 1984)

Muzeológia - Dankó Imre: Markets and Fairs as Factors of Urbanization in Debrecen after XIX. century Manuscript Maps

Imre Dankó MARKETS AND FAIRS AS FACTORS OF URBANIZATION IN DEBRECEN AFTER XIX. CENTURY MANUSCRIPT MAPS The study by reason of the 19th century's manuscript maps in the Archive of County Hajdú-Bihar (Hungary) says about the importance of the exchange of goods in the urban pursuits of city Debrecen. Debrecen is one of the most considerable market place of Hungary which would be thank its own specific urban development to a great extent for the exchange of the goods. By the way of introduction the study relates that lately both the geograhy, history and ethnography turn with a specially interest toward the research of exchange of the goods. All these branches of learning do belive discover the possible most complex research sphere which can serve with the most manysided informations concerning of the culture, the manner of life and their changes. The exchange of goods each communities stay in connection with innumerable relations with the geographical endowments, regional articulation, with the developed production the different regions, the materials given by the regions, the energys guaranted by the different regions, the order of the settlements, the mode of it, the formation of the transport conditions, the circumstances of economy, with the social conditions and the level of erudition. The well-known occasions of the established exchange of the goods are the markets, the fairs and the shops. All these forms of the exchange of goods are sufficiently well-known, they are well documented, investigated. Still the manuscript maps have create such source-group by means of them we can obtain to new data new standpoints. For example we can know almost all of other sources more from the old maps for the exchange of good's rol in the city-forming. Surely these maps have been still pending their accuracy are giving us responses on our questions with the concrete visualize of the mesaure and mode of the picturity, the scale of map, the adaptation in the physical circumstance. At first the study says about the Debrecen's medieval origin market places (salt), later about on the regal-law having shops (as butcher's stall, taverns, inns), concerning later about the places of the monopolized wares (as wood-yard, tobacco-shop, etc.). The old maps give accurate answers from the placing of the markets, their dimension, furnishing (enclosure, gates, street-sale etc.), about their articulation (milk-, vegetable-, meat-, poultry market etc.). We can find out a great number of data with respect the weekly markets which were grown out from the so called everyday-markets. First of all they say from that the weekly-market how was bigger and more important in the life of a settlement as the everyday ones. In the situation of the fairs' annual fairs -in Debrecen: multitude („sokadalom") or liberty („szabadság") — map-representation is the same. The maps of annual fairs certify in any case that how important were the fairs in the life of a city and its attract-area economical, social and cultural life. The fair-maps represent detailing the fundamental three different direction-fairs: cattle-, land produce and so called open market (industrial product's fair) fairs. They presented minutely the further division too: inside the cattle fair the place of the horse-, the cattle-, the pork-, the sheep fairs, their extent, circumstances of the furnishing (sides, fencing, gate, custom-, slip-and weigh-house etc.)

; inside the land produce fair the wheat, generally corn fair, maize-, potato-, wood-, cabbage-, fruit-, melon-, flower fairs, concerning the different circumstances; inside the industrial product fair the groups of the potters, sikners, boot-makers, joiners, iron-and copperworkers, riddle makers, stallkeepers of agricultural wooden instruments etc. There is a special interest of the industrial product fair maps the representations of the selling places (stall, booths, store-houses etc.). The studying of the manuscript maps can be richer and more exact our exchange of good's researches in spite of geographical-, historical-and etnographical results.