Bíró Szilvia - Székely Zoltán: Arrabona - Múzeumi Közlemények 49/1. Tanulmányok T. Szőnyi Eszter emlékére (Győr, 2011)
Ottományi Katalin: Késő római mázas kerámia a budaörsi telepen
ARRABONA 2011.49/1. TANULMÁNYOK LATE ROMAN AGE POTTERY IN THE BUDAÖRS SETTLEMENT In the late Roman period of the vicus excavated in Kamaraerdei-dűlő, Budaörs glazed ware was found in 102 objects (232 pieces). Most of the objects were stone buildings or pits filled with debris (Figure 1 ). Each form is typical roman vessel type. There are both serving vessels and vessels for preparation of meals. The rate of jugs is especially high (Figure 2). Bowls (Picture 2-3): 62% of the bowls are mortars with sometimes painted rim. This is the earliest type within the glazed ware. The rim of the horizontal rimmed bowls is sometimes wavy or incised. There are only two bowls with incurving rim (Figure 3). Handled cups (Picture 2. 7-8): In the settlement only fragments of cups with furrow-stitch decoration were found, but there is an intact vessel from the cemetery. Their colour is usually light. Jugs (Picture 4): 68% of the glazed ware belongs to this category. Usually they are narrow necked jugs with outcurving or straight and divided rim. The whole form can be seen in case of the intact jugs of the cemetery (Picture 7). Rim and handle fragments of big, single or double handled jugs were found in several objects. Its form of collared rim resembles to the compacted vessels of 4-5th centuries. An intact profile of a small, three handled vessel was found in one of the stone buildings. The incised and stabbed decoration typical to the latest period of the glazed ware also appears on the shoulders of some jugs. Beaker (Picture 4.1): Such vessels were rarely made with glazed surface. There are glaze speckles on one of the fragments indicating that the domestic pottery and the glazed ware were baked in the same kiln. Vessel with impressed body and stamped decoration (Picture 5.1 -2) : Both their form and decoration are unique within the glazed ware. The upper part is covered with impressions resembling to the Faltenbechers. Between the impressions there is an applied human face, under and above the dividing cordon there are variegated stamped vegetal motives. It was found from the cleaning of one of the paved roads bordering the main building of the late Roman settlement. Similar stamped motives on glazed ware appear in Aquinqum (stamped vegetal motives and a man’s bust on an inside glazed Drag.37 formed bowl of the 3rd century) and Gorsium (stamped leaves on a double handled, glazed vessel with a serpent motif) (Picture 5. 3-4), but neither of them is an exact analogue to the vessel of Budaörs. Similar, but smaller, multi-handled glazed vessel forms without stamps appear in South Pannonia. The colour of the glaze of the vessels is usually green or brown. The lighter shades are rare. Stratigraphy: About half of the fragments were found in closed layer. Beside them, the earliest coin comes from the years of 320s and 330s. Most of the glazed ware comes from the destruction debris of the settlement, where most of the coins are of Valentinian age, but in the main building of the late Roman settiement a small bronze figurine from the 5th century was also found (Figure 6). Considering the terminus post quem value of the coins, this type of pottery in Budaörs can be dated from the second third of the 4th century to the beginning of the 5th century. The glazed ware is accompanied by sigillata chiara, bulbed-headed fibulas and in the latest objects impressed pottery. Some pits dig into stone buildings, and some skeletons buried in former storages pits - accompanied also by glazed ware - suggest the possibility of a barbarous group that occupied the settlement after its destruction. Katalin Ottományi 290
