Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 44/1. Ünnepi köte a 65 éves Tomka Péter tiszteletére (Győr, 2006)

Takács Miklós: A Ménfőcsanak – Szeles dűlői lelőhelyen 1990–91-ben feltárt, Árpád-kori veremházak

ARRABONA 2006.44/ 1. TANULMÁNYOK PIT-HOUSES FROM THE ARPAD AGE FOUND AT THE SITE OF MÉNFŐCSANAK-SZELES DÜLŐ IN 1990-91 This paper aims at describing the pit-houses of the 10

th -11

th centuries uncovered during the rescue excavations connected with the construction of the Ml Highway track at the site of MénfőcsanakSzeles dűlő in 1990-91. The objects are described according to their formal characteristics. Based on the applied criterions the 27 uncovered pit-houses can be grouped into 16 variants but 6 objects remain of uncertain type. So, according to the applied criterions 22 objects fall into the following types: 1. Building of round plan with open fire at the edge of the pit and with traces of a central and four side props. Its entrances opened opposite to the fireplace. (Object 147) 2. Object with oval plan and solid walking level, without a fireplace and any traces of poles. Its projected entrance opened on one of its narrower sides. (Object 82). 3. Square building without a fireplace and with the traces of two central poles. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Object 92) 4. Square building without a fireplace and with the traces of two poles situated along the central line of the two opposite sidewalls. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Objects 398 and 463) 5. Square pit-house with a fire-pit in one of the corners and the traces of two poles situated along the central line of the two opposite sidewalls. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Objects 71, 146, 492, 581) 6. Square pit-house with a fire-pit in one of the corners and the traces of four poles situated in the central third of the sidewalls. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Objects 73 and 465) 7 .Square pit-house with a fire-pit in one of the corners and the traces of four poles situated in the central third of the sidewalls. The entrance opened on the side opposite to the fire-pit in the corner falling closer to the fire-pit. (Object 326) 8. Square pit-house with a fire-pit in the middle of one of the longer sidewalls and with the traces of two poles along the middle line of the sidewalls situated at right angles to the fireplace. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Object 614) 9. Square building with a stone oven in one of the corners without any traces of poles. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Object 141) 10. Square building with a stone oven in one of the corners with the traces of two poles situated in the central third of the sidewalls. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Objects 414 and 504) 11. Square building with a fire-pit in one of the corners and the traces of three poles. Two of the poles stood along the middle line of the walls situated at right angle to the sides of the fireplace while the third stood along the middle line of the fireplace. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Object 96/60) 12. Square building without a fireplace and any traces of poles. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Object 190) 13. Square building without a fireplace and with the traces of two poles situated along the middle third of the sidewalls. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Object 270) 14. Square pit-house with a fire-pit in the corner of one of the longer sides and the traces of three poles. One of the poles stood in the centre of the building while the other two situated along the middle line of the longer sidewalls. The entrance opened on the side opposite to the fire pit in the opposite corner to the fire pit. (Object 85) 15. Square building with a stone oven in one of the sidewall corners, without any traces of poles. The entrance opened on the side opposite to the oven. (Object 267b) 16. Square pit-house with a clay oven in the corner of one of the longer sidewalls with the traces of four poles situated in each corner. The place of its entrance is unidentifiable. (Object 32) The paper then describes the applied criterions suggesting that the characteristics can be used for the description and categorisation of the houses in the following order: 1. the shape of the pit-house 2. the type of the fireplace 3. the location of the fireplace 4. the location of the poles reflecting the roof structure 5. the location of the entrance. Miklós Takács 564