Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 40/1-2. (Győr, 2002)

Tanulmányok - M. Egry Ildikó: Középső bronzkor végi nép települése a Kóny-Barbacsi tóparton

ARRABONA40.2002. TANULMÁNYOK Ildikó Egry: The settlement of a people characterised with early mound graves at the lake of Kóny - Barbacs In 1997, in the fields of Kóny, approximately 500 ms east of the lake of Barbacs, prior to the construction of a pipeline, excavations were conducted in an area of 2,500 square meters. In this activity, 430 objects were excavated, which belonged to the mid-neolithic period (DVK), the copper age, the bronze age, the Celtic period and the Middle Ages. According to their findings, filling, stratigraphie position 135 objects belonged to the latest period of the middle bronze age, known as that of late Magyarád - early mound graves. On the excavated area, the pillar pits of 6 buildings could be separated, some of which was renewed or reconstructed

. Object 267 might have been a storing pit in whose corners the preserved pots (Illustration 5. 1-2) were the characteristic representatives of the pottery of the people of late Magyarád. Later one of the supports of a house was dug into this pit, to which another piece of findings belonged characterising early mound graves. In the area among the houses open air collared fireplaces were found, object 241 remained in the best state. Out of the cooking surface of this object the following objects were excavated: a tankard, a dish with spout, the fragments of a pot representing the period of early mound graves. In the latest phase of its existence the settlement was surrounded with a moat, a small section of this could be examined in the ditch prepared for the pipeline (object 355). Out of the great number of findings, the groups of pottery excavated from closed pits and fireplaces are presented now. Most of them are pots with thick walls, dishes with spout (Illustration 7. 1) and fragments of urns, whose parallels can be found among the findings of the settlements and cemeteries of the early mound graves (KOVÁCS 1975, 216. Grave/2; TROGMAYER 1975 Taf. 32; SZ. KÁLLAY 1983 Illustration 10. 7). In object 267 there was a cup with arched neck (Illustration 5.1) and a jar on a foot with a bunion (Illustration 5.2). The excavated cup with cylinder side and on a foot with a bunion, a miniature dish (object 251) a clay lamp, and the fragments of the covers belonging to everyday lifecharacteristically represent the findings of the settlements of late Magyarád (TOCIK 1978-1981). The site of excavation was not abundant in metal findings, only a bronze button, a bronze needle with a knob, and a bronze scythe were found. As a summary, on the basis of the findings it can be stated that the portion of a village of the final phase of the middle of the bronze age - of the Re BB1-BB2 period - was discovered during the excavations. The findings of the excavations throughout a relatively large surface, but - compared to the extension of the whole settlement - in fact fragmentary excavations demonstrate that the beginning of the settlement can be related to one of the groups of the Dolny Peter phase, the latest group of the late Magyarád people entering the North-western part of Transdanubia escaping the push of the people of mound graves along the Mid-Danube. This is represented by the pottery findings (Illustrations 5. 1-2, 6. 1-2), whose parallels can also be found in the settlements of the same age in the surrounding areas (TOCIK 1978-81, H. SIMON-HORVÁTH1998-1999). Later further settlers of mound graves could come at this geographically exceptionally favourable territory, bringing along with themselves the variants of styles represented in the pottery of the mound grave culture of the Carpathians. Among the findings of later constructions, these mass produced, similarly frequent types of settlement and grave pottery were found (objects 241, 380). 18