Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 31-33. (Győr, 1994)

Domonkos Ottó: A győri céhes takácsokról

Weavers in Trade Guilds in Gyor Bigger groups of weavers' trade guild organiztions can be traced in the territory of historical Hungary from the beginning of the 15th-16th centuries. We can rely on the data of the guild terriers in the case of Vienna, Pozsony (Bratislava), Nagyszeben, Besztercebánya, Kassa, Kolozsvár, Pest and Buda. These data show the strengthening of the guilds, plus their growth and expansion. The weavers in Pozsony formed regulations in 1552 and these official regulations were issued by the municipal council in 1578. These regulations granted a licence to the guild to admit master craftsmen from the provinces. The weavers in Pozsony lent their charter of incorporation to other town according to the dicretion of the Magistracy. After forcing out the Turks their lending activity became wider during the re-organization of the liberated territories. They lent the charter of incorporation not only to the weavers of the neighbouring towns (Győr, Fertőrákos) and counties (Moson), but also to Nagyvázsony, Igal (Somogy county) and Nagykanizsa. After the Turkish occupation, which was between 1583 and 1588, the town of Győr gained a prominent role as the headquarters of the border castles. It attracted various craftsmen. On the other hand, guild organizations were found among the soldiers in some trades. The weavers in Győr got the copy of their charter of incorporation from the weavers in Pozsony in 1600. The seal of the weavers in Győr has the year number "1601" to commemorate the above document. This charter of incorporation was kept by the weavers working in the army, so the master craftsmen in Győr had to ask the guild in Pozsony for another one, in 1625. This was the pattern for the charter of incorporation issued and confirmed by the Chapter one year later. The Hungarian and the German weavers worked together on the basis of the rules in the charter of incorporation. Due to discordance between the two groups of different nationalities and social contentions, the Hungarian weavers asked the Queen for a new Hungarian language charter of incorporation in 1694. They received it and moreover the licence to admit master craftsmen from the provinces. We were able to collect the names and the addresses of the master craftsmen admitted from the surrounding villages, mainly from the territories belonging to the Chapter and the number of the admitted apprentices from the now extant records. These records told us how many masters had worked at one time, how long they had worked and how many apprentices had been qualified as journeymen by them. These data proved that weaving was not done inside the self-supporting peasant farms. The weaving of linen from the customers own yarn on the basis of their wishes was the specialized masters' right and obligation. Thhe Queen Consort issued the charter of incorporation for the independent German weavers' corporation in Győr in 1747, warning them to live in peace with the Hungarian weavers. The following data were given by their "master book" reffering to the period bet203