Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 7. (Győr, 1965)
Foltinyi I.: Prehistoric bronzes from Győr-Sopron County in the American Museum of Natural History in New York and their relationships
Bronze Age findings in Hungary. Specimens from Moson-Szolnok — Jessehof 13 and from Ménfőcsanak 14 seem to be the nearest parallels published so far. Following the suggestion of P. Reinecke, 15 great significance has been ascribed to these Ringbarren in the commercial life of the Bronze Age. For a long time the Ringbarren — hoards were assigned to the east Alpine mining area as their production center. But W. Witter, 16 later R. Pittioni 17 and H. Neuninger — R. Pittioni have 18 shown that early copper objects from Upper Austria, 19 Lower Austria 20 and Carinthia 21 contained a high percentage of copper which was not derived from east Alpine deposits. This kind of copper is traceable in the great majority of Early Bronze Age Ringbarren, and is named East copper. It has not been possible up to present to determine more closely the production zone of this East copper. The sickle blade 22 of Pinnye (Plate 1, fig. 2) belongs to the typical bronze tools of the Urnfield Period. As H. Müller —Karpe 23 has pointed out, in most cases it is almost impossible to distinguish the sickles of the level Hallstatt A from those of the horizon Hallstatt B (in the scheme of P. Reinecke). From our area S. Mithay 34 published a few examples from Koroncó and Győrszentmárton, and he assigned them to the period Hallstatt A. But similar specimens survived also in the period Hallstatt B. 25 The knife with curved back, tang and flanges (Plate 1, fig. 6) occurred frequently 2 ^ during the Urnfield Perriod (chiefly in its later part) in Switzerland, South Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Western Hungary. 13 Hampel, J., A bronzkor emlékei Magyarhonban, 3 (Budapest, 1896) pl. 188:1. 14 Mithay, S., Bronzkori kultúrák Győr környékén (Bronze Age Cultures in the Environs of Győr. In Hungarian with German summary). In: Győr története a vaskorszakig, (Győr, 1942) (quoted below as Mithay 1942) 6 and pi. 3:4, 7. A cremation grave of the Kisapostag Culture. 15 Reinecke, P., Die Bedeutung der Kupferbergwerke der Ostalpen für die Bronzezeit Mitteleuropas. Schumacher Festschrift (Mainz, 1930) 107—115. Cf. Hell, M., Zur Verbreitung der altbronzezeitlichen Spangen- und Halsringbarren. Germania 30 (1952) 90—95. 16 Witter, W., Neues zu den Barrenring-Hortfunden im Vorlande der Ostalpen. Praehistorische Zeitschrift 34/35 (1949/50 zweite Hälfte 1953) 179—190. 17 Pittioni, R., Urzeitlicher Bergbau auf Kupfererz und Spurenanalyse. Beiheft 1 (1957). 18 Neuninger, H., und Pittioni, R., Frühmetallzeitlicher Kupferhandel im Voralpenland. AA Beiheft 6 (1963). 19 Neuninger, FL., and Pittioni, R., Zur Herkunft des frühen Kupfers in OberÖsterreich. AA 28 (1960) 58—60. 20 Neuninger, H., and Pittioni, R., Das Kupfer des Typus Unterwölbling. AA 32 (1962) 105—120. 21 Neuninger, H., and Pittioni, R., Zum ältesten Kupferhandel in Kärnten. Carinthia I., vol. 151 (1961) 378—382. 22 For details see Foltiny (1955) 92—98, esp. 94—96. Bernjakovic, K., Bronzezeitliche Hortfunde vom rechtem Ufergebiet des oberen Theisstales (Karpatoukraine USSR.) Slovenská Archeológia 8 (1960) 325—392; see 329—330. Novotná, M., K. chronológii hromadnych nálezov bronzov na vychodnom Slovensku. Musaica 3 Sbornik filozofickej fakulty (Bratislava, 1963) 47—72 (with German summary). See table on 62—63. Cf. Holste, Fr., Hortfunde Südosteuropas. (Marburg/Lahn, 1951). 23 Müller H. — Karpe, Beiträge zur Chronologie der Urnenfelderzeit nördlich und südlich der Alpen. Rom.-Germ. Forschungen 22 (Berlin, 1959) quoted below as Müller—Karpe 1959 109. 24 Mithay (1942) 33 and plates 13—10, 18:2 and 19:9. 25 Foltiny Cf., (1955) plate 65 (with specimens of both periods) and Pittioni, R., Urgeschichte des österreichischen Raumes (Wien, 1954) (quoted below as Pittioni 1954), 513 fig. 370. 26 von Miske, K., Die prähistorische Ansiedlung Velem St. Veit (Wien, 1908) plate 18:15, 19. Foltiny, St. Velemszentvid, ein urzeitliches Kulturzentrum in Mitteleuropa. Veröffentlichungen der österreichischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Ur- und Frühgeschichte 3 (1958) (quoted below as Foltiny 1958) 57 and plate 3:13. Müller— Karpe (1959) 201 fig. 35:12 (HaBj). Pittioni (1954) 453 fig. 318:8. 108
