Arrabona - Múzeumi közlemények 5. (Győr, 1963)

A. Uzsoki: Kandalü tureckuh bremen v muzee im. Jánosa Kszantusza

We do not know the name of the chain for captives; Aucr calss the neck-cuff Ring. In the inventories of Hungarian castles the rare word of Turkish origin csincsér is occurring. The oldest mention dates from 1564: „Très catene tenues ad Chynchyer pertinentes", i. e. three thin chains belonging to a csincsér. By this we gather that the neck-cuffs and manacles attached to a chain were called csincsér and imported by the Turks, We date the chain with shackles of Győr to the end of the sixteenth or to the beginning of the seventeenth century. The chain with neck-cuffs is a specimen hitherto unknown, having no parallels in the collections of the Hungarian museums. It is a sad relic from the period of Turkish domination. A. Uzsoki * * * KAHflAJIbl TYPEHKHX BPEMEH B My3EE HM. HHOIIIA KCAHTYCA Bo BpeMH 0HHCTKH pVCJia IlaHfl>Ka B OKpeCTHOCTfcHX JXhëpa. HeCKOJIbKO JieT TOMy Ha3aa HaftaeHbi HaHH3aHHbie Ha uerib KaHjtajiH (pnc. 1.). HaxoflKy nepejjajiH B My3efi HM. HHouia KcaHTyca. Ha jKejie3Hyio uenb AJIHHOH B 450 CM Hannsano 5 iuapHnpHo pacKpHBaioiHHXcH ouieíiHHKa. Ha OJJHOM KOHne nenn HMeeTCH H<ejie3Hoe KOJIBHO, a Ha HpyroM KaHuajibHHH 3aM0K nHJiHHflpHHecKoii $opMH. (PHC 2.) B KOJiJieKUHH AbëpcKoro MyseH HMCIOTCH 3aMKH nonooHbie HaüfleHHOMy Ha nenn, Ha ocHOBe ax onpeAeJiHJiH B03pacT HaxojiKH — KOHCH 16. — Haqajio 17. BeKa. HTO KacaeTCH Hcnojib30BaHHH Tannx nenen, TO paccMaTpHBaH pncyHKH Tex BpeMeH, BHJJHM, HTO BO BpeMeHa TypeHKoro nra paÖOB BCJIH rpynnaMH B 4—5 HJIH 8—10 qejioBeK npHBH3anHbiMH K BcaflHHKaM. Ha rpaBiope no HepeBy, omeqaTaHHOH B 1595 rouy (PHC 3.) H3o6paH<eHO KaK TypenKHii BcaaHHK BejjeT BeHrepcKHX jnoueii, CBH3aHHbix 3a Hieio. 3TOT pncyHOK noKa3biBaeT cnocoô nojib30BaHHH uenbio, HaüHCHHOH B J^bëpe. HHOXU &epduH(md Ayep-mnrenh ropo^a EparacJiaBa nonaji B TypeuKHii nJieH B napnaHbCKOM 6010 B 1663 rojjy H npoöbiji B njieHy B TiopbMe CeMH Baineii B KoHCTaHTHHonoJie 11 JieT. B CBoeM HHeBHHKe OH onneaji, HTO nojjoöHbie ouieíiHHKH, HaHH3aHHbie Ha qenb oaeBajin Ha ero nieio H nieio«ro TOBapnmeH HÖH BHHCJI HeoHHOKparao no^oöHbie ouieöHHKH H Ha Apyrnx. HHOXU MUKAOXU Koacw-HbepcKHü cojijjaT, nonaBHiHö B njieH K TypnaM B 1789 rouy BHUCTI noaooHbie KaHjjajibi HJIH paôoB B TiopbMe B Bejirpaae. HaM HeH3BecTH0, KaK Ha3biBajiH noAooHbie KaHHajibi, Ayap Ha3HBaji oniefiHHK Ring (KOJibHo). B cnncKax HHBeHTapn BeHrepcKHX Kpenocren H3peuKa BCTpe^aeTca cjioBO (qHHqep), KOTopoe HMeeT TypeHKoe nponcxojKflteHHe. nepBoe ynoMHHaHHe BCTpeqaeTCH B 1564 rouy: «Très catene tenues ad Chynchyer pertinentes» — Tpn TOHKHX qenn HJIH qnHqepa. H3 3Toro MH aejiaeM BHBOH, HTO pyrabie KaHHajibi H onieíiHHK, HaHH3aHHHe Ha uenb, Ha3biBajra iHHHep H npejrnojiaraeM, HTO STO CJIOBO TypenKoro npoHCXoHiaeHHH. Bo3pacT nbëpcKoïï HaxoHKH — omeftHHKOB c uenbio — MH onpenejiHeM npnMepHo KaK KOHeu XVI — Hanajio XVII. Bena. Henb, CBH3biBaK>maH onieüiiHKn HBJIHCTCH ejumcTBeHHbiM aKseMiuinpoM B coßpaHHHX BeHrepcKHX My3eeB, Hen3BecTHbiM paHee, neqajibHoií pejiHKBneii BpeMen TypenKoro nra. A. y^tcoKU