Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 34. 2004 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2005)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Zalai-Gaál, István: New evidence for the Cattle cult in the Neolithic of Central Europe. XXXIV. p. 7–40. T. I–XVII.

B2: animal figure incised on a vessel of the Körös cul­ture. B3: bull heads and bull horn symbols painted on pottery are typical for the Late Neolithic of Anatolia (Haçilar) and the Cucuteni culture. С Bucrania in houses and sanctuaries Cl : aurochs and other naturalistically portrayed animals in relief appear on the stone pillars of Göbekli Tepe in Anatolia during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A period. C2: cattle appear among the frescoes of the Anatolian Neolithic (Çatal Hüyük). C3: bucrania in sanctuaries, on house walls and as ga­ble ornaments first appear in Haçilar. In South-East Europe, their occurrence can be observed in the Körös and Staröevo cultures, and later in the Bánat, Vinöa and Tisza-Herpály cultures. No finds of this type are known from the Central and Western European Neolithic. C4: sanctuary models with a bucranium are known from the Greek Early Neolithic. Their counterparts have been found on sites of the Tisza-Herpály, Lengyel and Vädastra cultures. D. Vessels in the shape of bovines or decorated with bo­vines Dia: vessels modelled in the form of bovines or sym­bolising bovines or with a bovine figure inside them are known from the Early (Karanovo I, Staröevo/Körös) and the Late Neolithic (Tisza-Herpály-Csőszhalom, Karanovo V-VI). They also appear in the western Linear Pottery and the Stroke Ornamented Pottery cultures, al­though in a slightly different form, as well as in the Len­gyel culture. Dib: lamps taking the form of bulls or a bovine first appear in the Early Neolithic of South-East Europe (Karanovo I, Staröevo/Körös) and their use can also be noted in the Vinöa culture. Comparable finds are known in the west too, from the Stroke Ornamented Pottery and Lengyel cultures, although their type differs from the South-East European ones. D2: the „masked" variant of four-footed cattle figurines appears in the Pre-Pottery Neolithic period and at Çatal Hüyük, and they are quite widespread in the South-East European Early Neolithic (Greece, Karanovo I, Lepenski Vir). In the Carpathian Basin and in the west, they be­come more frequent from the Middle Neolithic onwards (Alföld Linear Pottery, Banat culture, Vinca B, western Linear Pottery), and they are also known from Late Neo­lithic sites (Karanovo V-VI, Tripolye, Vinöa С, Petresti, Tisza-Herpály-Csőszhalom, Lengyel). D3: four-footed cattle figures set on vessels have been found on Dudesti sites, although they were more popular in the western Linear Pottery culture, the succeeding Lengyel culture and at Cicarovce. E. Clay bull horns, amulets, symbols El a: miniature clay horns can be traced from the Greek and Balkanic Neolithic (Staröevo/Körös) through the Middle Neolithic (Vinőa В) and the Late Neolithic (Tisza-Herpály, Lengyel) to the Aeneolithic (Karanovo V-VI). Elb: „horns of consecration" first appear in the Early Neolithic (Karanovo I); they have also been found at settlements of the Tisza-Herpály culture. E2a: round and ring shaped horn symbols in a variety of shapes are known from Lepenski Vir and the Alföld Linear Pottery culture. E2b: Y and V shaped horn symbols occur throughout the Neolithic in South-East and Central Europe (Greek Early Neolithic, Karanovo I, Lepenski Vir, Star­öevo/Körös, Vinöa В/С, late Vinöa, Alföld Linear Pottery, Lengyel). E2c: T shaped clay amulets were most popular in the Early Neolithic (Karanovo I, Staröevo/Körös). E2d: T shaped idols from cattle bone are known from the Karanovo VI period. F. The majority of possible „bull depictions " take the form ofzoomorphic applied ornaments on vessels and vessel lids Fla: schematic animal head shaped moulded ornaments were used to adorn the Middle and Late Neolithic pottery wares in South-East and Central Europe (Alföld Linear Pottery, western Linear Pottery, Zseliz, Sopot, Precu­cuteni, Tisza, Sopot, Lengyel complex). Fib: knobs and lugs with a Y or V shaped upper part are most popular in the Sopot culture. Flc: more realistically modelled animal head shaped applied ornaments occur mostly on western Linear Pot­tery, Tisza and Cucuteni vessels. F2: Appliqué ornaments in the shape of bull horns first appear in the South-East European Early Neolithic (Star­öevo), retaining their popularity in the Middle Neolithic (western Linear Pottery) and Late Neolithic (Vinöa С, Lengyel, early Tripolye) in Central and South-East Europe. F3: vessel lids with V shaped knobs are typical finds of the Late Neolithic (Vinöa, Tisza-Herpály, Lengyel, Ci­öarovce). G. Gold cattle figures and miniature cattle horns, dress ornaments with a schematic horn symbol on their upper part, as well as various anchor types are known from the Karanovo VI-Kodzadermen-Gumelnifa complex of the South-East European Copper Age 28

Next

/
Oldalképek
Tartalom