Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 34. 2004 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2005)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Zalai-Gaál, István: New evidence for the Cattle cult in the Neolithic of Central Europe. XXXIV. p. 7–40. T. I–XVII.

Obr. 14). Comparable finds are known from Baj с (Baj es, Slovakia), most of which can be regarded as bull head depictions (Cheben 2002, 167, Abb. 3. 1-3). An amphora of the Zseliz culture from Dvory nad Zitavou (Zsitvaudvarhely, Slovakia) was ornamented with seven animal figures: four-footed schematic creatures were set on the shoulders, while simpler applied ornaments, probably symbolising bucrania, adorned the body (Pavúk 1981a, 56, Abb. 48^19; 1981b, 108, Abb. 49). The most frequent animal depiction in the Zseliz assemblage from Stúrovo (Párkány, Slovakia) comes in the form of rounded triangular animal head shaped lugs and moulded ornaments with short horns on the upper part (Pavúk 1994, 172, Taf. 8. 28, Taf. 20. 33, Taf. 34. 33a, Taf. 38. 22, Taf. 74. 22). Horned bull head depictions decorated with an incised triangle in the centre of the forehead, were also quite frequent at this site (Pavúk 1981a, 52-53, Abb. 45^16; 1994, 172, Taf. 19. 8, 11). Although a number of similar lugs and horn-like extremities were modelled less realistically, it seems likely that these too can be regarded as animal head representations (Pavúk 1994, 172, Abb. 17. 33, Abb. 67. 14). Pit 76 yielded a late Linear Pottery vessel fragment decorated with a moulded zoomorphic figure with horns (Pavúk 1994, 171, Taf. 10. 19), while two lugs depicting stylised animal heads with horns from two different vessels were recovered from Pit 132 (Pavúk 1994, 172, Taf. 6. 13-14). A protome in the form of an animal head, probably representing a bull, was set on a vessel from Vefké Kostolany (Nagykosztolány, Slovakia; Toőík 1970, 37, Obr. 2. 5). The other protomes brought to light at the latter two sites too depicted bull heads (Pavúk 1969, 305, Abb. 4. 2, Abb. 32. 1, 5, Abb. 31. 1), as did the ones from Sarisské Michal'any (Siska 1989, Abb. 41.1). Schematically modelled animal heads set on vessels have been found at sites of the Zseliz culture in Hungary as well. Finds of this type can be quoted from the settlement at Győr-Pápai vám (Mithay 1966, Taf. 1. 20, Taf. 9. 14; Gläser 1993, Taf. 87. 3, Taf. 102. 8, Taf. 116. 3), Neszmély-Tekerespatak (Gläser 1993, Taf. 173. 14, Taf. 182. 11, Taf. 183. 7) and Esztergom-Szamárhegy-Hajdúszőlő (MRT 1979, 218, Pl. 2. 6), which hardly differ from their Slovakian counterparts. One of the more unusual applied ornaments from the latter site depicts two bull horns modelled in semi-relief (Gläser 1993, Taf. 184. 11). The protome from Nyergesújfalu shows the typical outward curving bull horns (Gläser 1993, Taf. 196. 10). The pieces from Pécsely (Gläser 1993, Taf. 199. 7-9), Pilismarót—Szobi rév, Pit 8 (Gläser 1993, Taf. 202. 7, 9), Bajót-Hagymásrét (MRT 1979, Taf. 2. 11), Mencshely (Gläser 1993, Taf. 170. 6) and Budapest-Békásmegyer (Kalicz-Kalicz-Schreiber 1969, Taf. 36) are strongly schematised depictions. Mention must be made of a globular flask decorated with four flat, perforated lugs with a horn-like, upward curving upper part from one of the burials uncovered at Budapest-Nagytétény (Gallus 1936, Taf. 48. 1). The decoration of a vessel of the Notenkopf culture from Breitenreich in eastern Austria blends animal and human traits. According to Eva Lenneis, the horned depictions and horn shaped moulded ornaments representing bulls have „male traits" (Maurer 1972, 5-6, Abb. 3.1, 4; Lenneis 1995, 43, Abb. 17. 14). The foot fragment of a cattle shaped vessel was found at Obermixnitz in Lower Austria (Maurer 1982, 63, Abb. 10. 1), and finds related to the bull cult have been published from the western Linear Pottery sites at Sommerein (Lenneis 1976, 240241, Abb. 2. 4, Abb. 2. 6; 1982, 63, Abb. 10. 2), Poigen (Maurer 1972, 4, Abb. 3. 2; 1982, 63, Abb. 10. 3, 6; Lenneis 1976, 241, Abb. 2-8), Pulkau (Maurer 1982, 63, Abb. 16. 1-2), Poysdorf (Lenneis 1976, 241, Abb. 2. 3) and Guntramsdorf (Lenneis 1976, Abb. 2. 5). Horn shaped lugs were set on the bomb shaped vessel from Etzmannsdor (Lenneis 1976, 238, Abb. 3. 1). Eva Lenneis has pointed out that the anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs appearing on the Linear Pottery vessels in eastern Austria, mostly on Zseliz pottery, reflect cultural impacts from Slovakia and Hungary (Lenneis 1976, 246). The naturalistic bull head portrayals of the Moravian Linear Pottery very often take the form of appliqué ornaments, as shown by the finds from Mohelnice (Tichy 1962, 279, 283, Obr. 22. 4, Obr. 24. 1; Podborsky 1993, Abb. 49. 19). A vessel from Nova Ves is adorned with schematic horns (Tichy 1962, 285, Obr. 25. 8), and a pot brought to light at the Vedrovice-Za dvorem settlement too has a moulded cattle head decorated with incised lines (Ondrus 1965, 36, Abb. 1). A bull horn was found in the lower layer of the later, Lengyel period enclosure near the western entrance (Humplová-Ondrus 1999, 202, 188, 215, Tab. 12. 1, Tab. 16. 1, 3). A similar horn was recovered from the lower layer of the Bëhafovice enclosure (Humplová-Ondrus 1999, 219, Tab. 16. 2). The moulded decoration on a vessel fragment from Prague-Podbaba indicates that the Linear Pottery communities of Bohemia too practiced the cattle cult (Hoffmann 1941-1942, 10, Taf. 3.1). The bomb shaped vessel found at Dukovany is decorated with four bull heads with long, curved horns set opposite each other on the vessel's body (Schráníl 1928, 43, Taf. 1. 2; Kostufik 1986, Obr. 11. 5). Other, simpler bull head depictions are also known from this site (Schráníl 1928, Taf. 1. 11). The eyes and the mouth were indicated with incisions on the cattle head found at Straubing-Lerchenhaid (Stickroth 1976, 26, Abb. 2. 1; Uenze 1990, Abb. 4). Cattle head shaped ornaments adorned some of the vessels brought to light at Straubing-Alburg (Engelhardt 1992, 371, Abb. 7; 1998, 23, Abb. 2. 2). The fragment of a hollow cattle figurine from Stadtlauingen is a Linear Pottery find from Bavaria (Engelhardt 1992, Abb. 8. 3; 1998, 20, Abb. 1. 3), similarly to the solid clay figurine from Mötzing-Haimbuch, whose species determination is uncertain (Engelhardt 1992, 371, Abb. 9; 1998, 23, Abb. 2. 2). Only the rear end of the cattle shaped vessel from 21