Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 30. 2000 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2001)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Horváth Tünde – Kozák Miklós – Pető-Farkas Anna: The complex investigation of the stone artefacts from Vatya-earthworks of Fejér county. Part. I. p. 7–20. t. I–XII.

We can find 3 mace-heads (all are broken), these were signs of prestige, made of very nice raw materials (metamorphite and serpentinite) with fine working, polishing. Important activities at the settlement included grinding and the casting of the bronze. Chipped stone tools are very frequent. Among the chipped stones we finds saws, which were the tools of the harvesting. The great frequency of the secondarily transformed polished axes show the high value of them. On the settlement there was no axe-workshop, they got them from far away, on commercial ways. The inhabitants could have transformed, re-polished the stone artefacts. Unfortunately, the excavations happened too early, and we can not reconstruct it many times. Have not got exact dates, and many important finds are disappeared. Pictures: Plate XL: The map of the earthwork, after Nováki 1952, 4. Grinding stone, 6287. Photo, 7261. Photo, 6840. hammer, fragment Plate XII.: Photo, 6841. hammer, fragment Photo, 6146. amulet, half perforated Photo, 6131. hammer, fragment Photo, 6134. macehead, fragment Photo, 6130. retoucher, hammer Photo, 6859. worn chisel-edge axe, now amulet, half perforated Plate XIII.: Drawing: saws: 6148., 6848., 6147. Drawing: atypical gimlet: 6850., middle fragment of a blade: 6150. Drawing: 6137. axe Drawing: 7263. axe Plate XIV.: Drawing: 6840. axe Drawing: 6838. axe Drawing: 6837. axe Plate XV.: Microphotos of stone implements from the earthwork Plate XVI.: Microphotos of stone implements from the earthwork Sárbogárd-Cifrabolondvár Geographical description: The so-called Cifrabolondvár is situated in the NE direction from Sárbogárd, towards Kislókpuszta, at the right angles to it, on the NE end of a hill. This is the northern end of a NW-SE direction flat range of hills, 3 km far from Sárbogárd. In southern direction it is separated by a deep artificial fosse from the ridge of a hill, from the other sides enclosed by the deeper plain, the Eastern side of this is damp. The shape of the earthwork is similar to an isosceles triangle. The length is 160 m, the greatest width is 105 m. The traces of the fortification are well visible on every side, and quite varied. Firstly we have to mention that deep fosse, which enclose the first part of the foot of the hill. It seems needless, because the plain encircle the earthwork in every direction, and it was well defended by the steep side also. We can think, that it was full of water. This they could have solved easily, because of the damp field and the bottom of the fosse are on the same level. On this earthwork, not the rampart, but the terraces give the character of the fortification. Ramparts can be seen just on the southern side of the second part, hardly 30-40 cm height, spreading widely. The other rampart is in the western side of the first part. Here is a separated circular rampart, which is deeper with 10 m than the upper plateau of the earthwork, the diameter is hardly 10 m, and lean on the steep western side, while the other sides encircle the mentioned waterfull fosse. This little, advanced bastion was not so important in the defence, rather it arose in natural bases. The terrace is almost round on the whole earthwork, except the southern side of the first part. On the second part it can be seen on the eastern side, and merge with the south-direction fosse. The aerial-photo is showing a discoloured area on the SE corner, and here start a terrace in SE direction, which disappears after 50 m. This faded area was fortification, which is worn by now. It was a rampart-fosse, enclosed bigger territory like the known earthwork now. We can see the eastern and southern borderline of it, but the western side is confused. On the base of the aerial-photos we can see the same situation. The inner area is almost plain, and used as pasture now. Pottery is not found on the territory. The southern, destroyed area with the rampart is being cultivated. Excavations: In 1959 G. Bandi (and the Tell-study Archaeological Group) excavated in the larger, fortified northern part of the earthwork. He opened a 5x5 section, and he found 6 layers, from 50-60 cm to 3 m. He found 3 houses. In the case of the 1

st house we can follow the rebuild-phases. The floor was plastered many times, there was no fireplace inside, and pieces of daub were few, the postholes are missing. He supposed that the wall of the house was made of light vegetal matters, with thin plaster. In the 6 level a pit-house was excavated: triangleshaped, it consists of 3 beehive shape pits, with passage bench among them. The entrance is stair-like. In one passage they found a lot of pottery sank into together maybe it was a store-room. It is not sure, that it was a living house. The opinion of the excavator is that the earthwork was built in the 2

nd period of the Vatya Culture. (Pesty 1864-65, 101-161., Bandi 1960, 149-150.) List of stone implements: 139: hemispherical grinding stone, end-fragment, rough grain, pebbly stone. The grinding surface is smooth with paint in the pores: pink on the corner and yellow on the upper pail of the stone. The tool is fine worked. Size: 173x142x51 mm, Raw mat.: gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. Inv. No.: 61.50.3. 140: 'T' house, unbroken, hemispherical grinding stone, smallsized, the grinding surface is trough, ellipse, with wear stripes. The tool is roughly worked, on the bottom we can see paint (limonite?) built in the raw material, the edge is indented, broken, medium-grain. Size: 208x128x42 mm, raw mat.: gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. Inv. No.: 61.57.2. 16