Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 30. 2000 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2001)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Horváth Tünde – Kozák Miklós – Pető-Farkas Anna: The complex investigation of the stone artefacts from Vatya-earthworks of Fejér county. Part. I. p. 7–20. t. I–XII.

we can see sharp red paint in the pores, middle grain, 242x187x40, Raw mat.: gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 70: in the 80

th pit, fine grain, layered, flat stone, one face is polished, unbroken, the other three are broken, the bottom is not worked, on the surface we can see white, thin stripes-grooves, which was caused by sharpening objects, these stripes form a fosse (90x5x3 mm), it was a polishing stone for sharpening, and formerly it was a casting mould of a hatted -head needle, but it was worn, and after used as sharpening stone. The head of the needle hardly visible, the body is better seen, because it is the fosse, where the objects were sharpened later, 150x100x22 mm, Raw mat.: Metamorphite. 71 : in the fosse, perforated mace-head, two pieces, very nice, green stone with brush-patches in the raw material, fine polished, shining, conical, round, broken on the handle-hole, in the hole we can see the grooves of the drill, 44x67x17 and the other is 58x52x22 mm, they are belonging together, Raw mat. : Serpentinite. 72: shoe-last celts, very worn, deformed, it had chisel-edge, but now it is very blunt, little, on the lateral faces we can see traces of microwear, 75x26x23 mm, Raw mat.: meta-aleurolite? 73: rough stone, quadrangular, the one face was used for blow, bulky hammer, on the middle part of the body it is convex, caused by the handle?, on the lateral faces we can see microwear, 103x88x36 mm, Raw mat.: Gritstone altered by hydrothermal activity. 74: from the 'A' building, perforated axe, fragment from the working edge, the edge is chisel edge, it is broken across and along too, in the hole we can see the drill-grooves, 71x40x28 mm, Raw mat.: ? 75: In the casting-house, casting mould, on the one side there are a hatted-head needle with button on the top, a crescent object, and beginning of something, on the other side there are a hatted needle and a buckle, from the casting-workshop, 120x91x26 mm, Raw mat.: micaceous medium grained sandstone. Appreciation: The artefacts of grinding were: 3 handstones, the upper part of the grinding stone, one with paint-traces, made of quartzite and andésite, 5 grinding stones, lower part, 3 are broken among them. In these cases the material was conglomerate and sandstone. Mainly found rough-grained stones, but there are some fine and medium grained ones, too. The tools are roughly worked. We can see on the stone trough grinding surface in two cases, and traces of paint-grinding in 3 cases. Among the finds there were two polishing stones, for the sharpening of metal, bone, or stone tools. There is a typical saw on crescent flake, it was the tool of harvesting. Among the polished artefacts we can find a mace-head (in two parts, broken), made of very nice raw material, it may have been a sign of prestige (it was in the fosse). One shoe-last celt with chisel edge, and a bulky, hardly working hammer, and a perforated, broken chisel-edge axe represented the axes, made of metamorphite. These finds lied in pits or filling ground. Among the finds we find an abutting joint (it was the part of the handle of the stone-axe), made of antler. The most important finds are the two casting moulds. The one is from a pit, and it was a mould of a hatted-head needle, but it was worn, and than secondarily used for sharpening (a nice example for the transformation of the function). The other came from the mentioned castinghouse. It is a double mould of a hatted-head needle, a buckle and a crescent-shape object. These metal-finds are typical in the second half of the Middle Bronze Age. The casting moulds are the evidences of the metal-working in the settlement, but it happened in the working area, inside the living-settlement. The parallel finds of the buckle: The appearance of the earliest finds are in the early Szőreg-Perjámos (I-II.) culture, made of bone (Bona 1959, VIII/1-4). They came from south (the former finds are from Troy, Schneckenberg). Usually they were excavated from female graves, on the waist (f.e. Dunapentele, grave 88, after Bona 1959, 1). At the cemetery of Szőreg we know similar finds made of bone and bronze too. Now there are only three casting mould of buckle (Pécska, Tiszafüred and Lovasberény). We can say that every find is different from each other (the moulded finds and the casting moulds too). The finds made of bronze don't show the same shape of these known casting moulds either. The conclusion is that the cast buckle was a very rare jewel, part of the female's costume, maybe it was worn by the members of aristocracy, as a majestic-sign. (Bona 1959, 49-59.) Pictures: Plate IX:. The map of the earthwork after Nováki, 1952, 7. Mace-head, fragment Antler abutting joint Grinding stone, XXX1V/7, with red ochre Casting mould, later polishing stone Casting mould, needles and buckle Plate X:. Drawing: saw on flake Drawing: fragment of a perforated axe with chisel edge Casting mould, Pécska, after Bona 1959, 4. Casting mould, Tiszafiired-Asotlhalom, after Bona 1959, 9. Moulded buckle, Helemba, drawing, after Bona 1959, 8. Dunapentele, Grave 88, after Bona 1959, 1. Pákozd-Vár Geographical description: We can find the earthwork on the highest hill of the Velence Mts., so-called Meleg-hegy (352 m). This granitoid area - formed in the Permian Variscan orogeny - is part of the intrusion-line which can follow in the Northern part of Balaton (Fülöp 1990). After the Permian age the area was denudation surface till the end of the Tertiary which determined the micromorphology of the area (denudation steps, dome, balanced rocks). There was an Eocene volcanism in the NE part of the mountain which gave mainly amphibolitic andésite with subvolcanic texture. The pediment of the Velence hills was covered by loess and loess-like sediments. Pákozd-Vár is not only a natural fortification, but it has got artificial fortifications, too. The upper opening of the way up from Bodza-valley is defended by bastion-like elevations (like at Aba and Sárbogárd), formed in it a veritable castle gate. In front of it leads a narrow road, and it is followed by a steep valley-coast. Opposite to the gate this coast is widening into a little terrace. From the 13