Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. A Szent István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 30. 2000 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (2001)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Horváth Tünde – Kozák Miklós – Pető-Farkas Anna: The complex investigation of the stone artefacts from Vatya-earthworks of Fejér county. Part. I. p. 7–20. t. I–XII.

foremost of the hill, above the last houses of the village Lovasberény. It is surrounded by steep, vertical loesswalls here and there, thus the earthwork was defended by natural way also. Merely on the west side, where there is a deep recess, it was exposed to attacks. Here should have been the former way up. On the SE side we find a recent drive-way, cut into the steep side. The traces of the fortification we can see only on the western side, where a long, downward rampart is running, which is 1-1,5 m high. It is missing on the other sides. The greatest length of the earthwork is 230 m, the width is 90 m. It is divided by a gap into two parts on the western side, which was the former way. Here should have been a greater fosse, but it is filled up, and could not have used for way up either, thus on the SW side had to cut the way to the steep side. The two parts of the earthwork are belonging together on the NE side without breaking, here load up the former way. The second part is almost plain, but towards the former way up, in NW direction slope strongly, and at the end there is an abrupt steep part, defends from the way up. The side of the first part towards the way up compose a gable, which rises above the former way up to 4-6 m. Then in NW direction it slopes down to the edge of the steep part. The second part is being cultivated, on the surface there are many pieces of pottery, antlers, daub, but not typical. The datable pieces belong to the Bronze Age. Excavations: On the territory of the Little Earthwork there were 4 excavations, the leader of the excavations was E. Petres (Tell-study Archaeological Group). On the territory of the Great Earthwork there is vineyard, thus they could not have excavated significant part. The excavated territory is approximately 3000 square metres. On the highest part of the Little Earthwork the settlement was one-layered. On the lower parts, where the rampart was, they found several layers. Features: On the upper plateau, in the SE part of the Little Earthwork they found only pits. On the lower terrace they dug the fosse 30 m away. It was made in the oldest time of the settlement, and some pits too. On the inner side of the edge fosse was a double posthole-line. After the filled-up the settlement expanded to the edge of the hill. On the new walking-level plastered fireplaces were built. There was a central room between the pits of the upper plateau and near the fosse. Living building was not found in the territory of the Little Earthwork. The 1

st House was at the northern part of the plateau: quadrangular shape, 6 square metre, with 3 rounded corner - it was a pit-house. In the centre situated an oval fireplaces. Inside a narrow inglenook (?) encircled the pit, and the inner area was plastered. In the corners stood the posts. The 2

nd House lied in the South corner of the Little Earthwork, on the inner side of the fosse. The shape of the house was regular rectangle, the size was 8,5x5,5 m. It was sank in the ground, with 4 postholes. The wall of the pit was vertical, the floor was plain. Inside the house several workshop-areas were excavated: in the northern corner there was in a deep, flat pit an oval, plastered fireplace. It was enclosed with 4 little postholes, near it was another fireplace plastered to the floor. On the Western side there were two trough pit belonging to this (?). Near the pits run a thick inglenook, in it more, several form depressions were excavated. It served for the casting of the bronze barrens. The barren-moulds were strongly burnt. In the SE corner there was another oval fireplace. Near it they found a mould of a buckle. Inside the house they dug a casting spoon also. We can say thus that house was a casting-workshop. The Little-Earthwork was not a living place, it was a workplace and farmyard. The GreatEarthwork was the place for the living houses. The excavator opened on the SW side a 4x4 m section. In the section they caught the closing fosse with many fireplaces and plastered pits. On the base of the finds it seems that the settlement was established in the earliest period of the Vatya Culture. The end of life cannot be red from the finds. (Pesty 1864-65, 144., Nováki 1952, 10., PetresBándi 1969, 170-177.) List of stone implements: 57: whetstone, became strongly thin, worn, 75x5 mm, 19. Pit, Raw mat.: ? Inv. No.: 64.71.8. 58: round stone, polished, not tool, 20. Pit, Raw mat.: ? Inv. No.: 64.72.9. 59: stone fragments, round, flat stone, half fragment, thin, flat polishing stone, 27. Pit, Raw mat.: ? Inv. No.: 64.82.12. 60: on crescent flake: saw, with bifacial retouch, sickle-shining on the saw-edge, 27x25x6, Raw mat.: Buda hornstone 61: chipped stone, base fragment, the bulbe is medium-great, the talon is pointed, 28x20x3, Raw mat.: ? 62: round, angular handstone, one face and the one coiner are broken, with 3 polished work-surfaces, 70x70x53 mm, 63. Pit, Raw mat.: Quartzitc. 63: Broken, round, angular handstone, damaged from blows several places, in the pores there are red paint remains, the other side is black, burned or smoky, 62x65x55 mm, Raw mat.: Biolitic amphibolitic andésite. 64: broken, angular, round handstone, with 3 polished work-surfaces, 60x65xx65 mm, Raw mat.: Fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 65: hemispherical, flat grinding stone, half fragment, rough grain, the tool is roughly worked, on the grinding surface we can see white grinder-stripes, on the broken lateral faces in the pores are red paint, 165x135x43 mm, Raw mat.: Gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 66: hemispherical grinding stone, in pieces, high lateral faces, rough grain, the tool is roughly worked, the grinding surface is ellipse, smooth, shining, in the pores there are red paint remains, 240x153x75 mm, Raw mat.: Gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 67: flat, hemispherical grinding stone, irregular shape, the tool is roughly worked, fine grain, the grinding surface is fine, smooth, strongly trough for the long use, 250x155x27 mm, Raw mat.: Gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 68: hemispherical, very rough grain, the tool is fine-worked, the grinding surface is worn, with great hollows, mildly trough in the centre, 210x153x42 mm, Raw mat.: gritstone-fine conglomerate with siliceous cementation. 69: hemispherical grinding stone, one end is broken, the tool is roughly worked, the grinding surface is ellipse, in the centre worn in oval shape, on the damaged end, on the upper corner and on the bottom 12