Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 16. 1975 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1978)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Makkay János: Excavations at Bicske. I, 1960. The Early Neolithic – The Earliest Linear Band Ceramic. p. 9–60.

ber in early Vinca times(

38

). These Vinca carinated bowls have regularly channelled lines on the upper part of the bowl. Although fine stroke burnishing first occurs in level V of Gornja Tuzla(

39

), it is a decorative motif frequently found on the upper parts of the later carinated bowls of early Vinca(

40

). Fluted barbotine was a characteristic finish in the coarse ware of both cultures (i. e. late Körös —Starcevo and The limited nature of the parallels between the Bicske material and material from western late Körös—Starcevo and early Vinca cultures supports the chronological hypothesis that the ceramic development of the earliest Transdanubian (Middle European) LBP peoples began in the time of the late Körös—Starcevo culture and had soon begun developing independently by the so-called Protovinca phase. These new emancipated techniques, forms and decorative motifs in turn were themselves very rapidly distributed over large territories of Middle Europe. Seen in the light of this hypothesised general trend of earlier sites lying to the south, the relative chronological positions of the materials from Bicske and Bina should be reevaluated. Bicske as more southerly site has material containing more Körös —Starcevo forms and as such may well be considered the earlier. Any possibility that the southern and western Slovakian peoples acquired late Körös —Starcevo (or Protovinca) pottery forms and decorative elements by way of the middle Tisza region seems unlikely in as much as this area was already occupied by the earliest Linear Pottery people of the Great Hungarian Plain (the so-called Szatmár group). The Bina ceramic material shows no traces of influence from either earliest Alföld Linear Pottery elements or the particular ceramic characteristics of the eastern late Körös —Starcevo culture. The différencies between the earliest Alföld Linear Pottery forms and those found on the Bina site were in fact emphasized by J. P a v ú к himself(

44

). The distribution of the ear(38) B. Covic, Resultate der Sondierungen auf der prähistorischen Siedlung in Gornja Tuzla. GZMS,XV

—

XVI, 1960—1961, fig. loci (Stratum V); M. VASIC, Vinca, Vol. IV, Beograd, 1936, PL III, 11 (house W), PI. IV, 14 (House M), Pl. V, 17 (9,1 m), Pl. IX, 31a (8,5 m), Pl. X, 32a (8,4 m), 32c (8,4 or 7,9 m), 32d (8 or 7,5 m), PI. XI, 33a—d (8,5 —8,4 m), etc. (39) B. Covic, o. c.,fig. 10a—b. (40) Ibid., Pl. VII, 5.; M. VASIC, Vinca, Vol. IV, Beograd, 1936, PI. IV, 14 (House M), PL V, 20a (9 m), PL VIII, 30b (8,7 m), PL X, 32c, PL XI, 33b, etc. (41) S. DIMITRIJEVIC, o. c, PL X, 2, 4—6, spiraloid В phase; B. Covic, o. c, PL II, 1, 3, 6, 7 (Gornja Tuzla, Stratum VI); A. BENAC, O. C, Obre I, PL XVII, 1, 3, 7, etc.; É. L. and A.

—

K. STERRUD, A quantitative analyse of the material remains. WMBH, IV/A, Archäologie, 1974, PL XXV, 1; M. VASIC, Vinca, Vol. II, Beograd, 1936, PL XVIII, 25 (9,3 m); ID., Vinëa, Vol. IV. Beograd, 1936, PL I, 1 (10,4 m), fig. 4, no. 136 (10,03 m), no. 204 (10, 03 m), etc. early Vinca)(

41

). Sprinkled barbotine is more rare, occurring only in the Late Körös —Starcevo phase(

42

). A globular jar from Bicske (Cat. No. 22) has parallels with a vessel found in Vinca itself from the lowest levels of the site(

43

). The exact chronological position of this level is uncertain. It may represent a transitional phase or the apparent transitional quality of this level may be an artifact of excavation techniques. liest Alföld Linear Pottery (the Szatmár group) sites falls exactly between the lowland territory of the eastern Körös —Starcevo culture in South —Eastern Hungary and the northern parts of the Carpathian Basin. Its sites lie in the territory of Eastern Hungary east of the Tisza. This Szatmár group developed through already established cultural pathways over a large region to the northeast. Central and Western Slovakian Neolithic peoples had no such traditional connections with the Szatmár group and therefore were more profoundly effected by the material culture of related groups living in Transdanubia and influenced by western late Körös —Starcevo pottery forms. Despite the paucity of adequately excavated material from Moravia and eastern Austria it seems clear that the Early Neolithic of these areas must have shared strong connections with the earliest LBP of northwestern Transdanubia and Slovakia, with the cultural development moving in a south to north direction. It is unfortunate that northwestern Transdanubia has not been extensively excavated so that at present no sites of earliest Transdanubian LBP are known to provide a physical link between two areas. Two decades ago R. T i с h y also suggested(

45

) that early ceramic material from Moravia was not the result of an independent local Neolithic development but showed traces of the influence of the more southerly Körös —Starcevo culture. On the basis of this he dated these Early Neolithic finds to a period preceding that of the earliest Notenkopf pottery group. Time has proven him to be mostly correct^

6

). (42) A. BENAC, o. C, Obre I, PL XIX, 1, 4, 6; E. L. and A.—K. STERRUD, О. C, PL XXV, 2, (Obre I). (43) M. VASIC, Vinca, Vol. IV. Beograd, 1936, PL I, 2 (10,4 m), fig. 4, no. 136 (10,03 m), etc. (44) Actes Beograd, o. c, 1973, pp. 276—277. (45) R. TICHY, К nejstarsi volutové кегатлсе na Moravë. PA, LI, 1960, Fig. 5, 2—3, 5—6, Fig. 12, 7, Fig. 13, 1, 5, Fig. 18, 1—5, Fig 19, 1—6, (among the latter finds bowl no. 2 is a close parallel to the bowl of Bicske Cat. No. 2, PL 3, 2, as concerns both their shape and decoration, Fig. 2, 43. Tichy, Fig. 14, 4 represents a close parallel to Bicske, Cat. No. 243, PL 25, 1. — A further parallel must be also mentioned from Western Slovakia: M. PICHLEROVA, Ein Fussgefässfragment aus Vieska, Bez. Senica. ÁRoz, XIV, 1962, p. 849, Fig. 275. (46) О. c, 440. General problems of earliest Transdanubian (Middle European) Linear Band Pottery origins 3]