Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 16. 1975 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1978)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Makkay János: Excavations at Bicske. I, 1960. The Early Neolithic – The Earliest Linear Band Ceramic. p. 9–60.

Sherds from such globular jars were very common in these two features from Bicske, especially sherds belonging to the jar of type Cat. No. 22 (Cat. Nos 65, 66, 102: this jar is an exception having incised lines of a hemispherical form and starting above the knobs extending into the body of the vessel, Nos. 234, 235, 238, etc.). There are many other sherds belonging to one or another of these two jar forms. The profile of all these sherds is similar (Cat. Nos. 164—172, 182—184, etc), with the exception of Cat. No. 174, which has two slightly different profiles. There are sherds from smaller vessels of similar form which lack any decoration (Cat. Nos. 61, 100, 101, 103, 163) with the exception of one piece decorated with hemispherical and crudely incised lines (Cat. No. 132). These nine types of vessels represent forms which could be reconstructed with certainty. There are sherds from other vessel forms which can be reconstructed to form other theoretical types. These types are as follows: 10. There are several types of high necked jars with possible constricted bases. The first of these is a large thick walled jar with a smoothed surface and parallel vertical impressed lines running around the shoulder (Cat. No. 55). Two other sherds with yellowish white burnished surfaces also belong to high necked jars of a smaller type (Cat. Nos. 57 and 58). Sherd Cat. No. 59 belonged to a large necked jar. It had a smoothed surface finish above a gray slip with rectilinear meandroide incised lines running over the surface. One edge of this sherd was broken along a deep incised horizontal line which certainly marks the beginning of the vessel neck. Two other sherds also belonging to this necked type and incised over the surface of the sherd are also broken off along such a deep horizontal incised neck groove (Cat. Nos 83 and 86). The next two sherds belong to the same type. The vessel was originally covered by a heavy gray slip worn away in some places, and applied after the rectilinear incised motif was added to the vessel surface (Cat. Nos 87 + 88). It was a shouldered vessel probably with a high neck and a knob with a vertical hollow. The following sherd came from a carinated vessel with a short neck (Cat. No. 78). Its surface is coarse with deep oblique impressed lines. It is an unique piece in the Bicske ceramic material having common features with similar vessel types of the earliest Linear Band pottery of the Great Hungarian Plain. The next sherd is also an unique piece coming either from a jar with an exaggeratedly everted neck or from a bowl of a pedestalled vessel (Cat. No. 125). The following five sherds (Cat. No. 158) come from a vessel with a deliberately scratched coarse inner surface and a smoothed and slightly polished outer surface. The absolute form of the vessel is not sure, but it is certain that it had some sort of a neck. Two other sherds (Cat. Nos 134 and 173) also came from thinwalled necked vessels. The last sherd comes from a coarse ware vessel with an angled shoulder close to the slightly inverted rim (Cat. 178). Material from other Early Neolithic sites should enable us to define further ceramic forms now lying unrecognised within the Bicske ceramic inventory. Briefly we can look at vessel types coming from pit ,,a

" in trenchesl — II. 1974, containing Early Noten kopf pottery. The first piece is a four-legged rectangular vessel with incised curvolinear lines along the rim, horizontal parallel lines decorating the legs and in the center of the vessel side a line ending in a dot (Cat. No. 243). The second piece comes from a thick walled vessel with a coarse surface finish. The vessel stands on a low pedestal and is carinated (Cat. No 244). The only pedestal from this pit is of a form absolutely identical to those pedestals found in the other two pits (Cat. No. 245). Sherds from thinwalled globular bowls, sometimes with typical Noten kopf motifs are commonly found in this pit (Cat. Nos. 246 — 257, 265). There are also sherds coming from a high-necked jar (Cat. No. 258), a double convex carinated bowl (Cat. No. 264) and finally from truncated conical dishes (Cat. No. 268). The material of this pit contained no sherds adequate for the reconstruction of even one complete vessel. It is generally true that Notenkopf decorated sherds from pit „a" of trenches I —II. 1974 contain no organic material in the temper. The most commonly used temper was sand or micaceous sand. These decorated sherds are from thin-walled vessels of globular form with a flat base. The walls were finely polished on both sides. The coarse ware from pit „a" in trenches I —II. 1974 contains only sherds belonging to different vessel types (Cat. Nos. 280-302). The ceramic material of pit „a" 1974 is very important in the Bicske chronology. All three features (house 1. 1971, pit 1. in trench III. 1976 and pit „a" 1974) share common types (some common pottery forms, including pedestals and carinated bowls, decoration forms including the use of impressed linear motifs, Cat. Nos. 35 — 36), but only pit „a" 1974 contains material from the Notenkopf Pottery group. Although the two earlier pits also lack transitional Notenkopf Pottery types, there is probably only a short temporal break between them and pit „a" 1974. The chronological position of pit „a" 1974 was strengthened by the discovery in 1976 of a pit containing only Notenkopf Pottery types from the early phase of the Notenkopf Pottery Period (pit 1. in trench II. 1976). These facts strongly suggest that pit „a" 1974 occupies an intermediate chronological position between the two early pits (i. e. house 1. in trenches I—II. and V. 1971 and pit 1. in trench ITT. 1976) and the pit 1. in trench IT. 1976. 22