Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 12. 1971 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1972)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen. A Pannonia Konferenciák aktái, I. – Akten der Pannonia Konferenzen I. - Tringham, Ruth: The Function, Technology, and Typology of the Chipped Stone Industry at Bilany, Czechoslovakia. – Bylany (Csehország) pattintott kőeszközeinek formai, technológiai és funkcionális vizsgálata. XII, 1971. p. 143–148.

material or whether it was a cultural choice is impossible to say without further experimentation on the wear-marks produced by different kinds of hard materials. The few scrapers for hard material which were used on their lateral edges as side-scrapers were made of flakes and were probably hafted differently or not hafted at all. The categories of implements described above occur in roughly equal proportions in all periods of the settlement involved in Part I of the Bylany material. For example between the settlements of Period II and Period III there is a divergence of less than 5% of all the categories. Conclusions as to the cultural implications of the chipped stone inventory at Bylany will be more significant when the whole material has been analysed. At the moment, however, a few preliminary conclusions may be made. In general there was little preparation of the striking platform of the roughouts and very little subsequent modification of their shape by retouch. The roughouts were selected for specific functions without further elaboration in view of the minimal morphological requirements of each function. For some functions a certain amount of modification was common, for example sickles and scrapers for hard material, but this was by no means decorative. The retouch in these cases was to facilitate hafting or handling by blunting or to provide a cutting edge of specific shape. These were not among the minimal morphological requirements to make the implement work. But they were innovations which were accepted by the society as making the implements function more efficiently. Az egyes őskori társadalmak — így a vonaldíszes kerámia társadalmának — vizsgálata, kapcsolataik kimutatása a régészeti anyag területi és időbeli változásainak megfigyelésén alapul. Ennek a megfigyelésnek három fő tényezőre kell kiterjednie: a nyersanyagra és a technológiára, a funkcióra, a kultúrára, a kultúra népére, mint használó közegre. A tanulmány ismerteti a kőeszközök analízisének technikai, mikroszkopikus módszereit. A tanulmány Bylany anyagából 34(i eszközt vizsgál és erre alapozza következtetéseit, de már Lepenski Vir és Photolivos No spectacular pattern of distribution of chipped stone objects in the houses of Bylany I is observable. Chipped stone occurs in 20 out of 26 house complexes generally 1 — 5 objects per complex. Cores occur in only six pits, generally singly. There are rarely more than two implements for the same function in the same house complex. The only exception to this pattern and possible evidence of manufacture of chipped stone implements comes from pit 805 at the north-west end of house 165, belonging to Period II. In the debris of this pit in an area one metre wide, there were concentrated 4 cores, 53 implements, and 42 waste chips. So far this study and microscopic examination of wear traces has been carried out only on the chipped stone industry. In view of the limited activities which the implements represent, it would be even more valuable in the future to enlarge such a study to include the other artefacts of production, made of polished stone and bone, however sporadic the latter may be. It is hoped that the incorporation of this study into wider project including chipped stone industries of other early neolithic assemblages of central and south-east Europe, when combined with evidence of natural environment, economy, settlements etc., will help to widen our knowledge, not so much of the small cultural changes in time and space, but of the distribution of the various traditions and of the activities carried out in the settlements. London R. Tringham adatait is figyelembe veszi. A kőanyag összetétele, méreteik, típusaik, időrendjük, rendeltetésük alapján vonja le a következtetéseket. Vizsgálja párhuzamaikat más területeken és kultúrákban. Hangsúlyozza a vizsgálatok kiterjesztésének szükségességét más kőeszköztípusokra is. Bylany I 195 vizsgált kőeszköze közül felerésze vágóeszköz, felerésze kaparó-dörzsölő eszköz volt. 41 % lágy anyaghoz volt használatos (bőr, étel), 34 százaléka kemény anyaghoz (csont, fa), 17 % növényi anyagokhoz (pl. aratásnál használták). fí. Tringham BYLANY (CSEHORSZÁG) PATTINTOTT KŐESZKÖZEINEK FORMAI, TECHNOLÓGIAI ÉS FUNKCIONÁLIS VIZSGÁLATA. 148