Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 8.-9. 1967-1968 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1968)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga, K.: Reconstruction on the tenth Century Population of Sárbogárd on the Basis of Archaeoloogical and Anthropological Data. – A sárbogárdi X. századi közösség rekonstrukciója régészeti és embertani adatok alapján. VIII–IX, 1967–68. p. 93–147. t. XXVI–XLV.

Fig. 25. Distribution of the cranial index comes predominant. Among the women, on the other hand, we find no dolichocranic individuals, while a part of the mesocranic ones constituting the largest number (due to the generally larger index values of females) which have essentially a dolichocranic character. The brachycranic element is more rare than the mesocranic even if the few brachycranic individuals are included. I. S с h w i d e t z к y's analytical method is quite helpful for the stating and discrimination of similarity groups.

83 According to her method I compared a few observable values of the well-preserved skulls of 7 females and 13 males of the series. In case of males the cranialindex (8:1), transverse-frontoparietal index (9 : 8), basibregmatic height (17), nasion-gnathion height (47), maxillary breadth (46), orbital-index (52:51), nasalindex (54 : 55) as well as stature served as the basis of comparison. In case of females I studied the cranial index, the transverse-frontoparietal index, basi-bregmatic height, maxillary breadth, orbital-index and stature. I compared everyone of the 13 males and 7 females within their own sex groups. We could distinguish on the basis of the computed values very similar (0.0—1.0), similar (1.1—1.5) and different individuals (1.6—x). The results gained may be found in Figure 26. The more essentially similar individuals we find on the basis of the examined characteristics the more blacksquares are in contact on puzzle the diagram. The received values of Sárbogárd, however, show that similarity did not exist between several persons but rather between pairs of individuals. This is likely to have been a similarity originating from the family instead of being a grouping which could be taxonomically evaluated. From all the examinations thus far discussed it naturally follows that the taxonomical characterization of the Sárbogárd population can be made only with great diffi83 1. SCHWIDETZKY: Zeitschr.f. Rassenkunde 11 (1940) 153-165. culty. Generally it may be stated that the characteristics of the population are related to the Europoid form group, within which the presence of several sub-races may be quessed in a mixed form. Among these the Cromagnoid characteristics are the most pronounced. These are manifest in the low face, relatively low orbita and in the gerontomorphic characters of the males anda part of the females. Let us remember that the variation of the facial measurements of males narrows down especially for these features. Besides the overwhelming Europoid characteristics some Mongoloid touches may be found mosaic-like in individual characteristics of male skulls. If we try to list by sex the typological elements present by employing the taxonomic nomenclature of P. Li pt á к,

84 we can find among the long-heads the Cromagnoid A, the Nordic and a slight amount of Mediterranean traits among the males. Among the shortheads the presence of Cromagnoid B, Alpine Lapponoid(?) and a slight amount of Antero-Asiatic traits could be diagnosed. In addition, certain Mongoloid elements, mainly Uralic and Turanid traits were found present. We can also find Cromagnoid and Alpine traits on the skulls of the females as well as a slight amount of Lapponoid, Mediterranean and Dinaroid traits. (Plate XVI—XLIV) 9. Parallels to the Metrical Characters As a final moment of the anthropological analysis of the population of Sárbogárd let us examine to what other populations the characteristics is similar or different. When seeking the anthropological parallels to a 10th century population in the Central Danube Basin we have to pursue our examination in three directions bearing in mind the involved historical-ethnic events of this period. First of all we have to see in what way the population entering the Central Danube Basin in the 10th century is similar to the earlier population of this area. In this regard we have to focus on the remains of the 6th

—9th centuries. Secondly we have to examine the ties of this 10th century population to the contemporary or immediately following material of the Central Danube Basin. Here we must include the 10th

—12th centuries. Thirdly we have to study the environment from which the population of Sárbogárd came. Since in all certainty this group entered with the conquering Magyars, the series were studied selected from the areas to which

—bearing in mind the different scientific views

—the Magyars were likely to be related in their ethnogenesis. Thus the series originate from the following larger geographical areas: a) Central course of the Volga, and from the regions lying north and south of the Kama, b) the southern Russian steppes, c) Western Siberia, the Altay

— Sayan region, d) the western and northern portions of Khazakstan. In the Volga

—Kama area the selected series begin with the Pyanobor culture (2nd century A.D.); from the Southern Russian steppes and in Khazakstan with the opening of the Sarmatian period (4th century B.C.), in Western Siberia and in the Altay

—Sayan area 84 P. LIPTÁK: Embertan és emberszármazástan (Anthropology and Human Evolution (University text, manuscript 1962). 122