Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 4.-5. 1963-1964 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1965)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Bóna István: The Peoples of Southern Origin of the Early Bronze Age in Hungary I–II. IV–V, 1963–64. p. 17–63. t. I–XVII.

ed by N. Kalicz (Kánya, Medina, Cseke, Kiskeszi etc.). It exerts a significant influence on the ökörhalom phase of the Nagyrév culture, appearing in Eastern Transdanubia on Makó bases, without being able to invade its territory. In course of its development the Somogyvár group becomes amalgamated in the local (Zók) group of the Vucedol culture in Western Hungary. On the basis of the above statements the Somogyvár group may be linked to the earliest WesternHungarian population of the Bronze Age. The Serbian group В h as been dated by M. V. Garasanin also to the boundary between the „Stone Age" and the Bronze Age. 6. Some views on the Somogyvár finds P. Patay was the first to write on jugs of the Somogyvár type (Esztergom, Rajka), regarding them as Aunjetitz ones.

46 In 1941 J. Banner included the Pécs—Makárhegy and Zók—Várhegy finds, though with reservations, in the Pécel (Baden) culture.7 At the same time he notices the special features of the forms; while he regards the decoration of the jugs as of Baden character, he guesses that their shapes might belong to the Zók culture, since they were discovered on Zók—Várhegy. On the other hand, he makes it clear that no similar pieces are found at Vucedol. He also points out the Somogyvár parallel of the cylindrical beakers at Zók—Várhegy. He tries to compare the two-handled Somogyvár store-jar to the two-handled Baden water-jars

48 His comprehensive work

49 contains the Somogyvár store-jar and cylindrical beaker as a matter of fact, with even more caution, however. He does not regard the connection of the finds with the Pécel culture as a clear one, so he refrains from pronouncing a judgment, whereas he draws a definite line between them and the actual Pécel jug discovered at another spot of Somogyvár. In course of summing up the Pécel culture he rightly omitted the Pécs and Zók jugs already. So J. Banner's publications deal with the presented few vessels as phenomena not clearly defined yet, attached partly to the Pécel, partly to the Zók cultures; a view entirely supported by facts from the* point of view of his work. J. Korosec endeavoured to include the Prihoj vessels in the Vucedol (Slavonic) culture. Already M. V. Garasanin has shown the untenable character of this view, partly on ac46 P. FAT AY- Frühbronzezeitliche Kulturen 63. 47 DSz 8 (194Í) 750; PME 1941, 15-18. 48 Arch Ert. 1942, 83-84 and Fig. 1. 49 J.BANNER: Die Péceler Kultur 27, Pl. 9 nos 1-3. count of humation burial but mainly because the Vucedol culture is unkown to the east of the Bosna and in the Drina valley. Since the related Hungarian finds were unpublished, R. Pittioni looked for the connections of the Nezsider and Illmitz finds in a quite different direction. Publishing the Nezsider grave for the first time, he states that no similar pottery is known from Austria and Bohemia

—Moravia. Therefore he looks for parallels to the North. He finds the relatives of the jugs in the Walternienburg

—Bernburg culture, he mentions northern analogies to the water jar too. Judged by these, the grave is regarded as of northern origin. Nor does R. Pittioni'

s comprehensive work mention tumulus burial, remaining disregarded in course of valuation. On the other hand, he succeeded in finding northern parallels to stone cist burial. Together with Retz type ceramics, he includes Nezsider and Illmitz in a „frühnordische Schicht". He emphasizes their connections with the cultures of the Funnel-Beaker, the Bernburg-Walternienburg group, the Single Graves and the Globular Amphorae. Judged by these connections and in view of the antiquated chronology of Northern Neolithic Age, he dates the two finds between the Lengyel and the Pécel (Baden) culture. A part of the connections interpreted by R. Pittioni are suffering no doubt, as it was shown both by N. Kalicz

50 and the author of the present study in view of the material of this group. Nevertheless it would be beyond the boundaries of this paper to follow the northern analogies in detail. We suggest an inverse view of popular migrations, connections and influences: elements of Danubian cultures and their impacts are appearing in the North. As both N. Kalicz and we have shown, the chronological assessment of R. Pittioni is untenable. The Nezsider and Illmitz grave finds are derived from a time following the Baden culture. Earlier M. V. Garasanin has attached the two-handled jug of the N egrisori burial mound to the Mokrin group (Perjámos culture),

51 this is, however, imposible for chronological reasons. Blocks A and В of the group have been illustrated by M. V. Garasanin in Serbia and by us in Western Hungary at the same time. But M. V. Garasanin's work was limited to the Serbian finds, while we were able to review the larger unit of the Somogy vár group, 50 N. KALICZ: Die Péceler-Kultur und Anatolien. (Manuscript in Hungarian) (Budapest 1963). 51 Arheoloska nalazista u Srbiji (Beograd 1951) 34. 51