Alba Regia. Annales Musei Stephani Regis. – Alba Regia. Az István Király Múzeum Évkönyve. 2.-3. 1961-1962 – Szent István Király Múzeum közleményei: C sorozat (1963)

Tanulmányok – Abhandlungen - Éry Kinga – Kralovánszky Alán: Székesfehérvár-környéki X–XI. századi temetők népességének paleoszociográfiai vizsgálata. – Palaeo-sociographical Examination of the Population of 10th–11th Century Cemeteries Near Székesfehérvár. II–III, 1961–62. p. 69–89.

We should like to help creating the conditions of the final aim, the palaeo-sociological reconstruction by the evaluation of the cemeteries from a new point of view, in this study only in a single area or research, the skeleton burials. Therefore we endeavoured to fix and to express the archaeological data together with their anthropological relations. Archaeological research in this country did not utilize the results of one of the most important related sciences, i. e. anthropology, according to the possibiliies, though we have to view and analyze man and all the phenomena connected with him as a whole. Among all anthropological data archaeology based its inquiries on the definition of types at the first place, neglecting the biological unity of man as a subject of the so-called archaeological cultures to a certain degree, namely the fact that also sex, age, stature pathological and genetioal data etc. furnish a very considerable possibility of sociological evalution. This complex expression according to the mentioned points of view, however, can only be given if our data are homogeneous. In our case there is only one chance of reaching homogeneity, i. e. mathematical expression, assuring not only the identity but also the exactitude of terminology. The gathering of data on the mathematical plane is suitable for another reason, to wit: numerical value expresses the same idea for everybody, so the chance of misunderstanding is decreased. So we are enabled to a comparative study of the material on a higher level. Moreover we have to deal with a material the rules of which are entirely elaborated and generally known. During our inquiries we may investigate and solve such questions which may only be approached through the anthropological data, in view of the change, trend, proportion and rhythm of numerical values. Above all this we are able to utilize the methods of mathematical statistics, connecting the probability calculation with archaeological research, bound to work with so many uncertainty factors in its turn. Table 1 The numerical division of various groups of archaeological finds. Székesfehérvár-Bikasziget. Table 2 The frequency inside the grave of various types of objects. Székesfehérvár-Bikasziget. Table 3 The frequency inside the cemetery of various types of objects. Székesfehérvár-Bikasziget. Table 4 The occurrence of various units of finds inside the grave. Székesfehérvár-Bikasziget. Table 5 The division of graves with or without grave-furniture according to sex in per cent. SzékesfehévárBikasziget. Table 6 The division of various grave goods according to sex in per cent. Székesfehévár-Bikasziget. Table 7 The numerical division of various groups of archaeological finds according to sex. SzékesfehérvárBikasziiget. Table 8 The situation of forearms according to sex. Székesf e h é r v á г - В i к a s % i g e t. Table 9 The division of graves with or without grave-furniture according to age in per cent. SzékesfehérvárBikasziget. In the present study we carried out our investigations only on the basis of sex and age, as these alone were known of the anthropological data. Our research extended to the whole portion of the respective cemetery and the single graves according to the following points of view: provision with od lack of grave-furniture; occurrence of certain objects; occurrence of certain groups of finds, i. e. clothing or jewellery, weapons or implements of production respectively, pronouncedly ritual objects; occurrence of certain units of finds; quantitative and qualitative occurrence of finds; finally the situation of forearms. On the basis of the general and detailed palaeo-sociographical reconstruction of the nine investigated portions of cemeteries we were able to distinguish two major groups by the points of view and methods outlined above. One group may be connected with the immediate descendants of the Hungarian conquerors (cemeteries of Bikasziget, Sárkeresztúri út, Demkóhegy, T á с i út); the other with the descendants of the original population found in the Carpathian Basin by the Hungarian conquerors (cemeteries of Szárazrét, Maroshegy, Kanizsai út, Sóstó, Móri út) on the whole. The anthropological investigations of J. Nemeskéri led to similar results. As to topography it may be proved that the first group buried its dead on a higher level situated at the edge of the marshes encircling Székesfehérvár the second on a lower level immediately adjoining the marshes; so it is probable that their settlements were situated according to a similar topography. It will be the task of another study to treat comprehensively and to evaluate together with the results obtained so far the circumstances leading to the evolution of the sacral Hungarian capital in the Middle Ages, Székesfehérvár, and the smaller series (single graves), unearthed coins, architectural remains, geographical and historical sources, not to be dealt with by the help of the method described above. Kinga К. Ery — Alán Kralovánszky Table 10 The division of graves with or without grave-furniture on the basis of sex and age. SzékesfehérvárBikasziget. Table 11 The occurence of archaeological finds on the basis of sex and age. Sz ékesfehérvár-Bikasziget. Table 12 The situation of forearms on the basis of age and sex Székesfehérvár-Bikasziget. Table 13 The division of the units of finds according to graves. Székesfehérvár-Sárkeresztúri út. Table 14 The proportion of occurence of object types. Székesfehérvár-Sárkeresztúri út. Table 15 The division of archaological finds inside the cemetery in per cent. Székesfehérvár-Sárkeresztúri út. Table 16 The situation of forearms. S z é к e s f e h é r v á r- S'a r keresztúri út. Table П The division of units of finds according to graves. S z é kesfehérvár-Demkóhegy. Table 18 The division of units of finds according to graves. Székesfehérvár-Szárazrét. Table 19 The occurence archaeological fonds inside the cemetery Székesfehérvár-Szárazrét. 88