Entz Géza Antal - Sisa József (szerk.): Fejér megye művészeti emlékei - István Király Múzeum közelményei. A. sorozat 34. (Székesfehérvár, 1998)

Rövidítések a címszavakban - Rövidítések a bibliográfiában

In the area of the county large estates were formed, and in the mid-18th century several aristocratic families settled there. The relative proximity of Pest (later Budapest) also proved attractive. The first, Baroque, mansions were built at the centre of the settlements. The most sumptuous of them, the mansion of János Lamberg at Mór (1762-65) was designed by Jakab Fellner; its details and animated, yet strictly symmetrical massing are close to Fellner's next major work, the bishop's palace in Veszprém. The mansion of the Örményi family at Véd (c. 1800) is a simplified version of the late Baroque bishop's palace in Székesfehérvár.

In the first half of the 19th century a series of important Neo-Classical country houses were built in Fejér county, far from village centres and surrounded by parks. They constitute the most important contribution of Fejér county to Hungary's art and architecture. The country house of the Esterházy family at Csákvár (1816-23), designed by the French-born Viennese Charles Moreau is the most complex of them; its U-shaped wings are flanked by a theatre and a chapel (the latter being incomplete). Neo-Classicism at its most monumental characterizes the country house of Count Antal Festetics at Dég (probably 1815-19), built to Mihály Pollack’s design. Here the entrance facade, though porticoed, is clearly less important than the garden facade with its hexastyle portico. Pollack was also responsible for Palatine Joseph's large, still somewhat unassuming country house at Alcsút (1819-24; now only its portico survives). The house of the Károlyi family at Fehérvárcsurgó (1844-45), designed by Heinrich Koch, has a traditional U-shaped plan (perhaps due to the incorporation of earlier structures), yet it can also boast a tower attached to one of the lateral wings. This picturesque feature foreshadows later architectural trends and is probably young Miklós Ybl's contribution.

Ybl's independent work, the country house of the Zichy family at Nagyhörcsök (1852-55), was in the English Gothic style and had asymmetrical massing and also a tower. In 1870-71 Gottfried Semper, the great German architect and theorist prepared a design for its remodelling in the French Renaissance manner, yet it was never realized. (Only a small part of the building survives.) The house of the Nádasdy family at Nádasdladány (1873-76) by István Linzbauer, though built much later than Nagyhörcsök, is similar to it both in style and massing. The house of the Brunszviks at Martonvásár (1870s) is equally English Gothic. The rambling county house at lszkaszentgyörgy was owned, and added to, by a succession of families from the 18th to the 20th centuries, a fact that can be easily followed on its facades.

Important country houses had in most cases equally important grounds; thus Fejér county is the home of some of the finest parks and gardens in the country. The park at Csákvár was once noted for its numerous picturesque follies, swept away in later times. The landscape gardens at Alcsút, Martonvásár, Nádasdladány and Seregélyes (the latter being a recent reconstruction) are now in their full glory.

The structure of the settlements was formed in the 18th and 19th centuries. Most of them have plots at right angles to the street. The simples type is the roadside village (Baracs, Sukoró); the more complex types include villages with several streets (Csákvár, Tác), with streets along streams or valleys (Bodajk, Vál, Csákberény). Another version is the spindleshaped settlement, where the central space accomodates the church. Some villages, composed of rectilinear streets, were planned by architects (Kisláng, Lajoskomárom, Mátyásdomb). Yet another type is the agglomeratad village. Often they were gradually regulated in the 19th century, though some of them still retain sections of the old arrangement (Bicske, Cece, Gyúró, Baracska). In some places, especially in the south of the county, scattered man-167