Lukács László (szerk.): Märkte und Warenaustausch im Pannonischen Raum - István Király Múzeum közelményei. A. sorozat 28. (Székesfehérvár, 1988)
Marta Sigmundová - Ján Botík: Economic Diaries as a Source of Study of the Exhange of Goods in a Peasant Environment
shoes (in Arad and in Gorman's shop in Mezőberény). Minerals and chemicals for the farmstead and household were bought in shops. Juraj Kovác was buying salt, pitch for marking sheep, and candles, dán HuEok was buying a more varied assortment - salt, petroleum, grease, copper vitriol, dyes, it follows from the above that űuraj KováE was using candles for lighting his household while in Ján HuEok's household petroleum was among the regularly purchased goods. Ihe assortment of industrial goods for the household was not very large. The records of Juraj Kovác contain only the purchase of a rasp and bucket. He had also bought a wardrobe made by a craftsman for his daughter's trousseau. Ján Hucok's list of purchased articles also includes a mortar and masher, chisel, jug, pocket knives, trap for mice, scissors and bucket, hinges, rivets, and a whetstone. A separate group was formed by expenditure on garments Juraj Kováb was purchasing fabric (flannel, cloth), fancy goods (buttons, braids, gloves) and ready-made garments (bodice). He had other things made by a tailor, trousers, coat, woman's coat, and a smock frock and trousers by a smock frock maker; a hat and cap were made by the hat-maker, and a fur coat by the furrier. With respect to footwear, there are expenses for boots, expecially for hoots vamps and soling,and for ready-made slippers as well as for hide to make slippers. Ján Huíok had the following articles made or else he bought them ready-made - 6 pairs of slippers, 4 short sleeveless fur-coats, 3 jackets, 1 hat and 1 cap - in the period under review .Within both the observed periods, mostly male garments were bought or made by craftsmen. Woman's clothing (with the exception of a coat or fur-coat) was made most frequently at home. The payments for health services in both households consisted of expenses for a physician and the purchase of medicine. From cultural necessities, they mostly bought religious books, calendars, newspapers and pictures. Both diaries contain carefully written small expenses such as market souvenirs, presents for children, and in particular the expenses connected with social gatherings and treats at fairs and local pubs. The written records concerning the followed years appeared to be interesting also due to the fact that intensive construction works were started within the given years: Juraj Kováb started to build a new house and Ján Huíok was renovating his older dwelling. .Table 3 shows the application of some distinct building technologies for these constructions. Whereas the construction of Juraj Kovái's house still contained natural materials from local sources such as raw bricks, reeds for the roof covering, brushwood for fences, Ján HuSok had used in his dwelling renovation several industrially made materials such as lime, cement, slate, tin, paints, varnish, and blinds for windows. It was found that in the first half of the 19th century more well-todo farmers could afford to use bricks for constructing their houses. In the case of Juraj Kovái it is worth noting that the bricks needed for the house construction were bought by him and at the same time, one part of them was sold off in the same year. We cannot judge what made him carry out this transaction as the entry concerning prices does not indicate any profit resulting from the sale. Records connected with construction expenditures document that on both building sites, apart from family and neighbourly help, a number of specialized building craftsmen - bricklayers, carpenters, cabinet-makers, black-smiths, 1Ó9
