Juhász Antal: A Duna-Tisza közi migráció és hatása a népi műveltségre (Szeged, Móra Ferenc Múzeum, Csongrád Megyei Levéltár, 2005)
Summary
Migration in the Danube-Tisza Interfluve and Its Effect on Folk Culture I. The author conducted research on migration processes and their effect taking place during the 19-20 t h centuries in a particular region of the Hungarian Great Plain. The network of small villages situated in the Danube-Tisza Interfluve dating back to the Middle-Ages was completely demolished during the Turkish occupation (1541-1686). Settling of the uninhabited region started from the beginning of the 18 t h century, due to organized setdement and also to spontaneous migration of villeins. However, until the mid-19 t h century extensive wasteland areas [puszta areas) surrounded the setdements. These areas were used as pasture lands. The pasture lands were then parcelled out into smaller plots in several phases and in different ways depending on the local system of proprietorship. The process of parcelling resulted in intensive migration; farmsteads were built on distributed puszta areas, and farming activity was developing. The author investigates the above described process in the period between the 1850s and the end of the 1930s. Data source of the research is many-sided: 1) cartographical sources: national military maps made in years 1783-84, 1860-61 and in the 1880s, as well as manuscript and printed cadastral maps; 2) descriptive statistics, schematisms of the Roman Catholic Church, censuses; 3) registers of christening, marriage and death, História Domus of parishes, archival sources, 4) oral remembrance. II. The author provides the history of setdements and their population in the studied region during the period between the 16 t h and mid-19 t h century. III. The main chapter of the volume discusses the process of settling and the origin of population in case of 21 puszta areas. Based on the system of proprietorship characteristic in the 18-20 t h centuries, puszta areas may be grouped into three main categories: - Puszta areas on estates owned by landlords (10) - Puszta areas on lands owned by joint tenants living in agricultural cities or villages in the region of Jászkunság (8). The regions of Jászság, Kiskunság and Nagykunság obtained collective privileges from Hungarian kings. They were not considered as villeins. In 1702 the Emperor put the region of Jászkunság in pledge, but in 1745 the region redeemed its one-time privilege. The pasture lands of the joint tenants were parcelled out in proportion to their contribution to redemption. - Puszta areas in the possession of the town of Kecskemét (3). The settling process of the puszta areas are discussed in the following order: the owners and the earlier use of the puszta ; the time and way of arcelling; the origin of the settlers; permanent settlement and further migration; family histories. 389
