Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 5. (Csongrád, 2002.)

Deák József Áron: A Csongrád környéki táj története a XVIII. század végétől napjainkig élőhelytérképek tükrében

der Flußregulierung, Karten der Güter des Grundherren), die die möglichen Vegetationtypen und Landschaftbenutzungen am Ende des 18., in der Mitte des 19., am Beginn des 20., in der Mitte des 20. Jahrenhunderts und im Jahr 2000 bezeigen. Mit dem Vergleich dieser Karten ist es möglich die Veränderungen zu sehen, die erstklassigen Orte wo Biotoprekonstruktion empfohlen ist zu bestimmen und auch der Typ der erhaltigen Landschaftbenutzung zu definieren. ÁRON JÓZSEF DEÁK The use of the biotop-maping in the sustainable rural development in the Csongrád area Abstract The new challanges (needed decrease of the area of plough-land joining to EU, overproduction of some crops, defence against increasing floods, environmental and nature conservation demands) raise the question of sustainable, nature-friendly, traditional farming and the habitat restoration of some of these agricultarally intensively used areas. Effective planning requires several factors. One of these is the actual vegetation cover. It's important not only for the nature conservation, but also to know the actual landscape using situation. We also need to give a picture of the past vegetation (for several hundred years) to see the development of the landscape. For all these tasks we have to use a complex, well-detailed, comprehensive but easy to understand category-system. Recendy researchers of the Academy of Hungary's Institute of Ecology and Botany developed and accepted 3 new systems for the vegetation of Hungary. These are: • the Modified General National Habitat Classification System (Molnár-Horváth et al., 2000) {m-ÁNÉR) • the CORINE biotop-map system [CET) (Molnár-Horváth et al., 2001) • and the CORINE Land Cover system {CLC) (Molnár-Horváth et al., 2000) The Modified General National Habitat Classification System attempts the landscape from the side of the nature conservation. It groups the observed plant associations into well-recognizable categories. It includes comprehensive categories not just for the natural comminides but also for the disturbed fields, forests, plough-lands and urban areas. This system is good for 1:25.000 or finer maping scale. The CORINE biotop-map (CET) and CORINE Land Cover (CLC) systems were born together. The use of the CET is required, because the CLC is too general in the field of natural or semi-natural habitats. The CET is more general than the m-ÁNER, but finer than the CLC. The CET includes categories just for natural and semi-natural biotops while the CLC's attempt is more human-centred containing many detailed categories for human landscape use. The CET can be used just with the help of the CLC for maping a whole area using CET for natural and seminatural biotops and CLC for antropogenic and agriculturally intensively used biotops. These categories can be used from 1:50.000 to 1:200.000 scale to give a more comprehensive look at a certain landscape. I made the 1:25.000 biotop-map for the Csongrád Nagyrét Nature Reserve (wetlands and gallery forests) in the South-Tisza-valley, Great Hungarian Plain (SE-Hungary) according to the mÁNÉR, the 1:50.000 CLC-CET map, the 1:50.000 qualitative and summarizing maps of natural areas for the whole surroundings of Csongrád. I also made a 1:50.000 landscape historical map-series using the CLC-CET categories, old maps (maps of 1

st and 3

rd military surveys, regulation of the riverways and landed properdes of