Múzeumi Füzetek Csongrád 2. (Csongrád, 1999.)

V. SZABÓ Gábor: A bronzkor Csongrád megyében (Történeti vázlat a készülő régészeti állandó kiállítás kapcsán)

fundament described by us. Similarly to the situation at the Danube, the Ada group could be called proto-N

agyrév culture at the Tisza valley. The validity of this name in this region was proposed from other aspects by several researchers (BONA 1961, 20; HORVÁTH 1985, 58, 71; SZABÓ 1992, 83-84). So, we can assume that according to our present knowledge we may regard the following historical model for the period in question: in the late phase of the Makó culture the cultural change experienced in the whole of the Carpathian basin arrived also to this territory. This change brought everywhere intensive metallurgy technologies and the new forms of ceramics known from the Somogyvár-Vinkovci culture. The Makó culture enriched by these Somogyvár features transformed (the last aspect of this transformation we can see in the Sövényháza-Kőtörés type finds in which the Makó features can be neglected) and developed the ceramic forms of the Nagyrév culture. In the background of these transformations we can suspect a southern ethnic migration that we have not been able to trace yet. However, the main pushing force was a formation of new system of contacts that spread intensively at a large territory. THE PERJÁMOS CULTURE Although the material of the earliest phase of the classical Nagyrév culture is represented in the region (Szentes-Berek, Hódmezővásárhely-Kökénydomb), from the end of the 2

nd phase of the Early Bronze Age elements of a new population, the Perjámos culture become dominant. The representatives of the Perjámos culture settle down at the territories north of the Maros already in the early period. It is evidenced by the find assemblages of the Mártély cemetery (Fig. 6) and by early settlements in the vicinity of Hódmezővásárhely dated by the imported Kisapostag pottery. Although among the Bronze Age cultures of the county the most information was collected on the Perjámos culture, its formation and the way of its settling in this region is still unclear. To-date it seems to us that on the territory of the Bánság and Bánát, and in the close North Balkan region at the beginning of the early Bronze Age (Early Bronze Age 2-3 in Hungarian terms) we can suggest a developing cultural horizon based on local roots which general feature was the use of undecorated vessels with two handles (BOGDANOVIC 1996, 100; GRICKI-STANIM1ROV 1996,72-76). The Perjámos culture together with several other small, local cultures came out from this technocomplex. Examining the questions of origin, at two points we meet problems that can be resolved with using the new finds from our county. One of these problems is the relationship of the Pitvaros cemetery (excavated by Ferenc Móra) with the Perjámos culture. Some researchers of the period underline the partial synchronity and continuity of the Pitvaros cemetery and the Perjámos culture (GIRIC 1984, 37; CHICIDEANU-CHICIDEANU 1989, 32, 37; O'SHEA 1996), others think that the two cultures were separated in time and could be only relatives (BONA 1992, 13, 21). The leading forms of pottery found in the graves of the Pitvaros cemetery are those vessels with pressed shape of body and two handles that undoubtedly differ from the slimmer, higher, two handled vessels of the Perjámos culture. Beside the finds from Pitvaros similar pieces are known only from some sites: Mokrin, a