Bárkányi Ildikó szerk.: A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve: Studia Ethnographica 7. (Szeged, 2011)
Kondorosy Szabolcs: A szegedi vár pipái II. 19. századi cseréppipák
STANCEVA, Magdalina 1972 KOJIEKUHHTA OT jiyjin BT>B BAPHEHCKWA My3efi. H3eecmun Ha Hapodnun My3eü Bapita (VIII) XXIII. 1972, 81-99. STANCEVA, Magdalina, NIKOLOVA, Tatjana 1988 Hoeu npoyneanufi etpxy anunenume jiyjiu om CepduKa. Cepamca, III. (1988), 133-142. SZILASI Attila Botond 2002 XIX. századi leletek Sárvárról. Savaria 2002 (27), 187-200. TAKÁCS, Tibor 1979 K problematike fajkárstva v Banskej Stiavnici. Zbornik Slovenského Bánskeho Múzea, IX. 1979,245-278. TOMKA Gábor 2005 Cserép pipafejek az ónodi vár ásatásaiból (1985-1991). Herman Ottó Múzeum Évkönyve 44. 607-626. The Pipes of Szeged Castle by SZABOLCS KONDOROSY From the 19 t h century onwards, distinct characteristics of industrial pipe production in Hungary may be distinguished in respect of forms, decoration and surface-handling methods. Form point of view of pipe production in Hungary most significant was the region around Selmecbánya (today Banská Stiavnica, in Slovakia). The typical pipe forms of the region spread also to the Transdanubian region, and to the region of the River Leitha. The town of Debrecen also had a distinct pipe-craft with a lasting tradition. The pipes made in Podrecs also had a characteristic form. The most widespread type with a shell-shaped bottom was made in Selmec, and similarly to the boat-shaped pipe made in Szeged, it was a long lasting design. The most common design of this type was a squared shaped one engraved and at times decorated with a horse-head workshop mark. They were mostly black and cupped. In contrast, the different seals used on the pipes made in Podrecs help researchers to periodize the items. The café pipes found represent only one type. Their inscription 'Café Coin' suggests a German origin, and they were possibly imported from Western Europe. Nonetheless, other pipes from the same period may have been of Balkan origin, based on their techniques and workshop seals. Oriental patterns of Balkan origin can be detected solely on items produced in Selmecbánya and in the Leitha region. These types were influenced directly by Balkan patterns. Based on archaeological findings and items of ethnographic collections the market share of pipes in the 19 t h century may be outlined. As the results of the analyses show most of the pipes found in Szeged were brought from Selmecbánya, and the second most from Podecs. Some of the items exemplify the differences in form and decoration between clay-pipes and meerschaum pipes, clay-pipes serving as patterns for the latter. 294
