A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1982/83-1. (Szeged, 1985)

Régészet - Horváth Ferenc: Contributions to the Early and Middle Bronze Age of the Southern Alföld

As far as the elements of decoration are concerned the characteristics are as lollows : The rich vertical and horizontal smoothed in or scored lines as a dividing pattern (often stressed by spiky triangular scored knots), slanting cannelures on the bulge; scored "Fiizesabony-style" knobs surrounded by dotted circles or semi circles (PI. V. No.l). A part of the bowls and cooking pots have some "sticking out" knots on their rims (PI. IV. No. 4.). Mention must be made of a portable amber-holder ornamented by cannelured garland bundles (PI. IV. No. 6.) and a clay model wheel with spiraloid decoration (PI. IV. No. 5.). The plastic rib-decorations stressed by finger pushings and incised lines are outstandingly characteristic to the whole ceramics. The house-plans were rectangular in every period sometimes they had internal division (Fig. 2., 4., 6.). The floor was made of thick clay plastering and the superstructure was built of framework of a few heavy upright posts. On this framework the walls were constructed of plaited branches or wattling which were daubed on both sides with clay. The hearth and oven were plastered and the basement was circular or quadrangular shape (Fig. 3.). Under one of the plastered clay oven the skeleton of an infant was observed buried there as a building sacrifice. The details of the transition between the Middle and the Late bronze Age are not quite clear either. A strong mingling of the Vatya

—Szőreg and even the Gyulavarsánd elements can be observed in the Danube

—Tisza Mid-Redion, at Baks, and there may be Kelebia-type cemetery in the case of Csengele

27 (PI. V. No. 5.). The appearance of the Füzesabony style south of the southern borderline of the Füzesabony extensional area must have taken place at this time (e.g. Magyartés:

28 see PI. V. Nos. 6—7. and Sövényháza see. PI. V. No. 8.) The Koszider

—Type hoards are present in the region between Körös and Maros

29 but the Tumulus culture sites appear only near the Tisza on the left bank (Szentes—Nagyhegy, Mindszent, Mártély—Feketehalom, Gorzsa—Kettőshalom, Kishomok etc.)

30

. But greater cemeteries or settlements of the Tumulus culture between Szentes and Idos

31 are not really known up to now. Collecting and analysis of the tumulus finds were not done in this area so the circumstances of their appearance are not clear either. The possible very early appearance of the Tumulus-culture element in the Szoreg-C cemetery (PI. V. No. 3.),

32 can hardly be assigned to the ethnic presence of the Tumulus culture itself in the Trans-Tisza Region. In the inlets of the area between the Maros and Körös some Tumulus culture sites are known (between Rákos and Királyhegyes (Pl. VI.)

33 but these finds show a different sort of character than that of the ones from the Danube

—Tisza MidRegion (Tápé, Dorozsma, Bogárzó, Kömpöc, Bilisics etc.).

34 The high almost 27 Unpublished material in the Szeged Museum (Inv. п.: 1931. Ő. 53. 32. 1—3.) It is not an identical site of the Csengele material published by Foltiny, 1944—45. XV. pi. Finds from Sövényháza. Móra Ferenc Museum Szeged, 46/1884; 180/1885; 188/1885; 189/1885. Goldman A—Szénászky J. 1971. 28 Móra Ferenc Museum, Szeged, 153/1885. 29 Bona, I. op. cit. 1975. Verbreitungskarte XL 30 Zalotay, E. 1932. 49—102; Banner, J. 1944—45. 29—42; Trogmayer, 0.1976; Gazdapusztai Gy. 1958. 201. 31 Trogmayer, O — Szekeres, L. 1966—68. 15—17., 20. 32 Bona, I. op. cit. 1975. T. 109., 1. 33 Horváth, F. 1973. Surface-survays of the author in the South-East environment of Makó. Nr. of the sites: 53., 56., 65. 34 Foltiny, I. 1957. Trogmayer, O. 1966. 631.; 1966/a 87.; 1975. 5 Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évk. 65