A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1982/83-1. (Szeged, 1985)

Régészet - Horváth Ferenc: Contributions to the Early and Middle Bronze Age of the Southern Alföld

mainly to a limited number of sites along the river Tisza. This indicates a possible island-like survival of the Nagyrév population. The same is supported by the fact that the topographical data contradict to the Hatvan culture's drawing down to such southern areas.

21 The direct connection between the Pitvaros group and the Szőreg—Perjámos group cannot be proved until now either but if genetical aspects are taken into consideration the unified name Maros culture is regarded correct.

22 The picture of the Middle Bronze Age was made more exact by the excavations directed by Ottó Trogmayer near Baks and Klárafalva. The late Vatya culture settlement which covered the Nagyrév culture layer at Baks;

23 and the tell-settlement of the Szőreg—Perjámos group at Klárafalva were excavated.

24 Although the procession has not finished yet the most important characteristics of the stratigraphy and finds of Klárafalva—Hajdova must be mentioned. Between Szeged and Makó, in the flood basin of the river Maros a "test-excavation" consisted of two blocks was done by Ottó Trogmayer and Ilona Stanczik in 1969. The tell settlement emerging at a 350 cm height from the present day surface has nine habitation levels from the different phases of the Szőreg—Perjámos group. Two main phases can be separated within the nine levels (A

—I houses) plus another layer of the tell which had been destroyed by previous earthwork (Fig. 1, 4.).

25 The two Bronze Age phases mentioned above are undoubtedly proved both by the change of the location of the houses and the finds too. The pottery coming from the I

—

H

—

G houses which belong to the first phase contains the so called Szőreg 2—3 (mostly Szőreg 3) type of pottery forms according to István Bona (PI. III. Nos. 1—6.).

26 The further levels are in close relation with the Szőreg 4—5 material with the difference that here the so called "baroque style" (PI. III. No. 8.) (Szőreg 4) is rather rare. (PI. III. Nos. 7—9; Pl. IV. Nos. 1—4; Pl. V. Nos. 1,2,4). The characteristics of the pottery in the earliest levels (I

—

H houses) is the rough, flat, yellow, yellowish brown and gray colour ware. Fine ceramics which exist in a more limited number is polished, and is yellow and brown colour. They are hardly decorated at all; on the fine ceramics hut or flag ornaments can be seen. There is a dividing pattern on them which become spiky at the neck or quadrangular or triangular running horizontally and incised by a double line. Ansa lunata appears first in the G-level. In the D-level the pottery becomes rough compared to the previous two levels, the rate of fine ceramics decreases ; the connections are indicated by fragments of Gyulavarsánd, — Late Vatya — as well as the finds of the Incrusted Pottery culture too. C-level is the richest in finds. The rate of the polished black and the yellow-orange fine pottery increases. Mugs are of semiglobe bodies and cylindric necks their handles are drown above their rims. There are jugs with truncated cone necks with sloping handles, romboid mouth, and standing on a low hollow pedastal. There are urns with a wide rim, funnel neck and a slightly distorted globe body (PI. V. No. 4). 21 We are indebted to Gabriella Vörös (Szeged) who let us study the list and extension-map of the Bronze Age sites in County Csongrád, collected on the base of inventoriai and archeological surface-survay data. 22 Banner, J. 1931. 47; Giric, M. 1971. 36. 23 Material under procession in Móra Ferenc Museum, Szeged. 24 Material under procession in Móra Ferenc Museum, Szeged. I am grateful to Ottó Trogmayer to let me process this material. 25 The top 70 cm of this tell was removed by scraper so the may be mixed material of the last layer needs a through further analysis. 26 Bona, I. 1975. 92—97. 60