A Móra Ferenc Múzeum Évkönyve, 1968. (Szeged, 1968)
Gallé, László: The xerothermic lichen species cladonia magyarica VAIN
The greyish coloration of the primary thallus is a consequence of a dense and mildly coloured hypha plexus in the upper crus above the layer of gonidia functioning as a lampscreen against an exaggerated insolation. In the moistened and swollen thallus lacings also the spongy substance of that layer is being filled with water and thus the transparent green colour of gonidia can be brightly effective through the wet layer that became loose and swollen. The horn-shaped podetia are massive till the end, if young, and below in later time, too; then they get hollow about in the middle and from then they have two layers. The podetia, and therefore also the secondary thalluses, are covered by a crustaceous layer outside. Beneath that layer there comes a socalled external-medulla, then the layer of gonidia can be seen and there follows an internal medulla layer consisting of thicker hyphae. This layer is dense, as well, and forms a substance with small holes. Inside the funnel there isn't any internal crustaceous layer. The crustaceous substance and the gonidial substance are of a much looser pattern than the internal crustaceous substance. The layer of gonidia often dissolves in soredia and then it becomes completely loose. The soredia render service for the vegetative multiplication. On the upper part of small funnels, flared out hornlike, the external and internal crusts are getting farther from each other. Gonidia are occurring only on the surface of the external layer, i. e. outside, the internal layer consisting of a hypha tissue. Between the medulla layer of the external layer and the hypha tissue of the internal layer, there may be observed some septa running along connected, in different heights, even transversally by thin cross-lamellae, consisting similarly of hypha tissues. Therefore, the upper horn-like part of podetia, consisting of two layers, has a definite internal structure that according to the lichen species - determines the shape of podetia, making their substance hard and, in dry state, brittle and fragile. The orifice of the small funnels is not open but closed with a thin layer that is remitting Cladonia magyarica into the sub-section Thallostelides' of the section Eucladonia subgenus Clausae (Cf. Table I. Fig. 5., and Table III. Fig. 4.). The internal ventricles of podetia are particularly suitable, apart from carrying out the mechanical task, for storing the moisture absorbed by the spongy medulla substance and also introduced in form of vapour. Physiological conditions 1 For studying gonidia, we have made pure cultures, according to R. CHODAT's method. As culture fluid, DETMER/KNOPP's solution has been used. The standard solution was of the following composition: H 2 0 1000 g KH 2 P0 4 0,25 g Ca(N0 3 ) 2 1 „ KCl 0,25 „ Mg S0 4 0,25 „ FeCl 3 1 drop from a solution of 1 percent. In the first culture series we have used solutions of 1/1, 1/2 and 1/3 concentration from the standard solution aforesaid. A part of them has been applied as a fluid, another part as a solid culture medium with 2 percent agar1 By László BAKONYI. 240
