A Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 23. (Békéscsaba, 2002)

Rózsa Zoltán: Avar settlement in Kardoskút

Avar kori teleprészlet Kardoskúton and could be established that the material of the houses and pits, representing probably a relatively short period, shows very various formal and technological (firing, leaning) finishing. Thus the settlement part should be the remains of the Age preceding the fall of the Avar Empire. In this Age appeared together the old formal and technological traditions (first and second group of the manualy formed pots and first group of the thrown pots) the new firing method, the finer sludgeing, the leaning with lime/tuff, the new components (the third - fourth group of the manually formed pots, and the second - third group of the thrown pots) with new form types and decorations (application of helix and wide toothed comb; flattened rims, „S"-shaped profile). The typological classification is shown on picture No. 11. Also rim fragments of two cauldrons were found in the material of the settlement. Both of them were manually formed (picture No. 9. 5-6). The flattening on the fragment of the cauldron (?) - see picture No. 9. 5. - having drawn-in rim, could be found in the same form also on the fragment of a pot-rim found in the fill of the house No. 1/12. in Tiszaföldvár: flattened on the slant under the rim and below vertically (MADARAS 1991. 17. t. 2). The profile of the other pot found in the house No. 1/12. in Földvár (MADARAS 1991.17.

1.

1) is similar to that of the other cauldron (picture No. 9.6.) foud in Kardoskut. The two settlements are bond also by the structure of their houses, that means not so much age as ethnic identity. The material of the Kardoskut settlement is in all probability later dated than that of the Gyoma (VIDA 1996), Eperjes (BÁLINT 1991) and Tiszafüred, Morotvapart (MADARAS 1991) settlements. It could have the same age as the Obecse settlement (STANOJEVIC 1987). Similarities managed to be found between the 2. and 3. groups of the Kardoskut thrown pots and the Doboz material, that were chronologically doubtful. From typological aspect the Kardoskut settlement part generally could be regarded elder than the settlement of Doboz and of the up till now total unpublished settlement of Orosháza. In the nineteen fifties at least two Avar graves were disclosed 3-400 m to the north from the settlement, but unfortunately their materials were lost. Among other things plate belt fitting was disclosed in one grave and bone pin-case, melon seed pearls were disclosed in the other. Presumably two graves of a graveyard - used for longer period - were disclosed, but unfortunately their places of occurence are unknown. The connection between the graveyard and the settlement is obvious, as also possible that the grave of the graveyard and the settlement part are not from totally the same time of the Avar settling down. The chronology of the settlement could be specified more exactly by the processing of the Doboz and Orosháza settlements. In my opinion the material of the settlement on the bank of the Aranyad-brook originates from the turn of the 8-9

th century. Rózsa Zoltán Szántó Kovács János Múzeum H-5900 Orosháza, Dózsa Gy. u. 5. E-mail: rozo30@hotmail. com 133