A Békés Megyei Múzeumok Közleményei 2. (Békéscsaba, 1973)
Ecsedy István: Újabb adatok a tiszántúli rézkor történetéhez
New data on the history of the copper age in the region beyond the Tisza ISTVÁN ECSEDY The present publication reports some finds from copper-age settlement remains dug up in East Hungary in recent years (Fig. 1). Kétegyháza I: a settlement of Bodrogkeresztur type The settlement was opened up by Gyula Gazdapusztai in the course of his research into mound burials of the pit-grave type (Yamnaya culture). The people of the pit-grave kurgans dug in one of its interments into a slight mound developed by the settlement in question, and then raised a further small mound over it, utilizing the environmental culture layer of the settlement. Thus, the finds of the Bodrogkeresztur type came to light in the course of the excavation of the mound in both primary and secondary positions (Figs. 2—7, Tables I—VII). The find material exhibits connections with the Bodrogkeresztur settlements of Herculane II and Tarnabod. In addition to the material presented, the documentation of the excavation mentions the finding of a „Scheibenhenkel", which was lost after the death of the leader of the excavation. The author assumes that from a chronological point of view the settlement may be contemporary with the cemeteries of Jászladány and Pusztaistvánháza 4-12 . Kétegyháza II: settlement of the Cernavoda III — Boler áz type This settlement lies a few hundred metres from the Bodrogkeresztur settlement described above, and similarly came to light during the excavations of Gyula Gazdapusztai. Some of the finds (fireplaces around the central grave of mound 5/a, object „A" at the activity level of mound 6) are presumably directly related with the basic burials of the pit-grave kurgans. This is indicated by the finding of horse-bones among the objects of the settlement. The find material represents the early Cernavoda III level (Figs. 8—16, Tables VIII —X) 13-26 . No connection at all can be detected in the material of these two settlements, which were dug up in the immediate vicinity of each other. We assume that the direct cause of the termination of the Bodrogkeresztur settlement was not the arrival of the Cernavoda III population. The find material containing elements of the „pure" Hunyadihalom type, or more exactly late Salcuta and certain Cernavoda elements, can be dated to the period between the two settlements. Since the extent of these settlements beyond the Tisza covers the area of incidence of the material of a Cernavoda III —Boleráz character, but their finds are not mixed, it may be assumed that the Cernavoda III —Boleráz groups arrived in the region of Eastern Hungary immediately after the late Salcuta population 27-41 . Relics of the settlement of the late Salcuta population are surmised in the material of the settlement 39
