Szakáll Sándor - Weiszburg Tamás szerk.: A telkibányai érces terület ásványai (Topographia Mineralogica Hungariae 2. Miskolc, 1994)

Telkibánya környékének kőzetföldtani felépítése és fejlődéstörténete (Kozák Miklós)

Topographia Mineralogica Hungáriáé Vol. II. 45-80 Miskolc, 1994 TELKIBÁNYA KÖRNYÉKÉNEK KŐZETFÖLDTANI FELÉPÍTÉSE ÉS FEJLŐDÉSTÖRTÉNETE Geological build-up and evolution of Telkibánya and its environs Kozák Miklós Abstract The paper gives a comprehensive review on the different rock formations and penological evolution trends of the Telkibánya area, NE-Hungary. For detailes the reader is suggested to consult the extended English abstract to be found at the end of the paper. The district under study is an about 70 square kilometer area in the North-Western part of the Tokaj Mts, between Telkibánya and Hollóháza (Fig. 1), which has along its North-South axis volcanic-subvolcanic masses of 400-600 m high Miocene volcanic centres consisting of andesitic and rhyolitic materials. The centre of the region is Kánya Hill and its environs, where the foundations of mining round Telkibanya were laid down nearly eight centuries ago, and whose underground ore resources may have perspectives for the future, too. This mountain is surrounded, in a circle of 2-4 km in diameter, by formations that are remarkable due to their mineralogical-petrological rarities, hydrothermal and metasomatic transformations, impregnations, mineralizations, from the economic, geological and collectional aspects, as well. The geological exploration of the region began very early, because of mining practice in medieval age, however, prior to 1850 there are only sporadic references (e.g. Fichtel, 1791; Esmark, 1798; Zipser, 1817 etc.). In the subsequent one hundred years more comprehensive and detailed descriptions were born, which, however, were not governed by uniform principles (e.g. Richthofen, 1859, 1860, 1861; Hauer, 1866; Szabó, 1866, 1867; Doelter, 1874; Tóth, 1882; Szádeczky, 1887; Petrik, 1888, 1889; Borbély, 1922; Pálfy, 1916,1927,1929, 1935; Liffa, 1925,1935 etc.). During this time the actual practice of mining lost importance and was restricted to secondary, non-metallic materials (e.g. kaolin). The period between 1950-1970 was inactive from the mining point of view, nevertheless this was the period when the institutionalized and uniform geological mapping took place, and at the same time the assessment of the raw material resources was carried out (e.g. Liffa, 1953,1955; Schréter, 1948; Scherf, 1950, 1953, 1954; Hermann, 1952; Bern, 1953; Széky-Fux, 1951, 1959, 1964, 1966, 1970; Erhardt, 1962,1966; Panto, 1964; Bóczán et al. 1966; Ilkey-Perlaky, 1961,1962,1964, 1966, 1967, 1972, 1973, 1978; Szöőr 1968, 1969, 1970; Gyarmati, 1961, 1964 and Pentelényi, 1972 etc.). After this period sporadic target-oriented studies, rock-geological, applied geological and prospecting work were carried out (e.g. Barta, 1970;