Műemlékek B.-A.-Z. megyében (Miskolc, 1988)

Idegennyelvű összefoglalók - Historic Buildings in County Borsod-Abaúj Zemplén

Churches In spite of centuries' destructions, Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén county is in abundance of old churches, the most eloquent chroniclers of its settlements. Some 20 Romanesque churches have remained from the age of the Árpáds, partly in original design and partly enlarged and more or less re-built later. One of the earliest and biggest of them is the church of the former Benedictine Abbey in Boldva. Itt is likely to have been built in the late 12th century, as already in 1203, it was damaged by a fire. It is a three nave, pillared basilica built of bricks. Its nave is ended by a semicircle apse. On the east ends of both narrow aisles, steeples tower up. Stairs used to lead up the second floor that opened with a wide arch into the nave before the chancel. Only the stairs on the south side of the building have remained, since the original horth wall and the west facade dilapidated probably at the second Mongol invasion in 1285. Two brick walled round churches have remained from the 12th century. One of them stands at Szalonna, in the valley of brook Bódva. A semicircle apse opens from its round interior. Its exterior is decorated with brick pillars and a diamond ashlar frieze, while the interior-with wall paintings remained in fragments. In the 14th century, a bigger aisle was attached to the small church. On the east of the county, in Karcsa, the interior of the round church built by the Johannites was enlarged with six semicircle niches. In the early 1 3th century, its west wing was pulled down when a red stone aisle richly decorated with carvings, was attached to it. One of the most beautiful representative of the small early village churches with semicircle chancel is the church of Vizsoly with rich Romanesque fresco decoration in its interior. The walls of its Gothic annexe are covered by 1 5th century wall paintings. The similar design church in Tornaszentjakab is famous for its nice pillared arch of portal. The church of Tornaszentandrás is particularly interesting from whose square nave two semicircle apses open. High quality frescoes have been explored on its wall from later times. On Rakacaszend, to the south side of the very small 12th century brick church, a stone church with straight ended chancel was attached in the 13th century. The south wall of the early church pulled down in the last century has remained as the north side of the later church. Its interior is decorated with Gothic wall paintings and a wooden ceiling made in 1 657. The early church of Rásonysápberencs over the west gallery of which a turret rose, was enlarged to the east by an aisle portion ended with a semicircle chancel. Only the better off settlements and advowee's churches had steeples. This is witnessed by the church of Sajókaza. On the upper two floors implying the lord's gallery of its west tower, triplex windows open partitioned by massive