Műemlékek B.-A.-Z. megyében (Miskolc, 1988)

Idegennyelvű összefoglalók - Historic Buildings in County Borsod-Abaúj Zemplén

Historie Buildings in County Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén is the second biggest county of this country which was created from five counties of the historical Hungary. The introductory study intends to give a picture of the economic and social circumstances in which these buildings came into existence. The oldest of the currently existing buildings were built in the 11th to 1 3th centuries. The conquering Hungarians occupied the region within the present county boundaries and at the same time, established their own administration units, the so called governorships of castle. These provided the foundations of the royal castle estates that strengthened in the 1 3th and became predominant in the 14th century, under the Angevins. Borsod, Abaúj and Zemplén were the centres of the heads of the clans, while among the royal castle estates, the castle and domain of Diósgyőr built in the 14th century, became first of all famous. Kings Robert Charles, Louis I. and then Sigmund and Matthias equally visited the castle which was one of the most important centres of the royal estates in North-East Hungary uptothe late 19th century. In the 16th century, our county became an important scene to the political struggles of the country. The supporters of Kings Ferdinand and John the Szapolya encountered mainly on this region. The counties stood up for John the Szapolya in the fight between the two kings, in fact, the county became oppositional and anti-Habsburg at that time, that utterly manifested itself in the later centuries. Borsod, Abaúj and Zemplén served as political supports to the 16th and 17th century national independence movements of the Transylvanian Principalities. Particularly, the flourishing wine-growing of Tokaj-Hegyalja was economically decisive. The War of Independence led by Ferenc Rákóczi II. gained its force in this region that later became the primary economic basis of the War This was not merely by chance, since a significant part of Rákóczi s land estate spread here and the castle of Sárospatak was the centre of one of the most important Rákóczi domains. The population of the county followed the Protestantism in the early 16th century. In 1548, the first protestant creed, confessio pentapolitana, was complied in Kassa, the centre of Abaúj, and also on this region, a far effecting institutional network of Protestant education came into being. The Protestant College in Sárospatak should be