Belényesy Károly: Pálos kolostorok az Abaúji-Hegyalján (Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén megye régészeti emlékei 3. Miskolc, 2004)

PAULINE FRIARIES IN THE ABAÚJ HEGYALJA REGION

was destroyed, and at present the stream flows through it (Figs 18 and 19). On the territory of the ruined monastery, significant amount of late medieval pottery was collected. Among them, a simple rim shred of a pot, decorated with sharp ribs on its body,

102 and a shred of a stove tile, covered with white engobe and deep green glaze (Fig 21: 1-2). The fifteenth-sixteenth centuries are represented by a red, onion-shaped stove tile, and a red bowl shaped shred of a stove tile (Fig 21: 5-6). The fine, white shreds of the pans covered with olive green glaze date from the Early Modern Period (Fig 21: 7). Summary Since the complex was severely destroyed, and completly disappeared, the survey focused on the close neighborhood of the monastery, namely on the fishpond situated above the buildings. The investigation could not reveal the exact measures of the complex,

103 the significance of the community was analyzed in the context of the relatively abundant documentary . • i 104 material. 4. GÖNC, VIRGIN MARY MONASTERY

105 (Map 1., Appendix 1.) The date of its foundation is unknown. The monastery is first mentioned in 1371, when King Louis the Great gave permission to the monks to build a mill above Gönc. Although this fact is not supported by any other information, scholars suggested that the monastery was a royal foundation. This possibility cannot be precluded, since the Fragmen panis corpi ... from 1663 reports that the foundation was confirmed by King Louis the Great in 1400.

106 12 See Feld-Cabello, 1980 63. 03 The history of the monastery is often quoted to be a parallel to the monastery of Gönc, however, the size of the church ruins at Ruszka makes the impression that that monastery was of secondary importance. At the same time it must be stressed that the different possibilities of observation might yield misleading interpretation. Namely, a standing building cannot be compared to another one, which is partly destroyed and is covered by vegetation, and has never been investigated. Moreover, written data suggests that the monastery of Göncruszka was even more important than Gönc. 04 Medieval written source material about Göncruszka exceeds both in quality and quantity the amount we know both about Gönc and Regéc. 05 The written sources concerning the monastery had been collected in DAP I., 167-170. 06 "Suscitaverat (Deus optitnus) piissiini regis Ludovici spiritum, út hoc ipso anne insigere coenobium de Göncz apellatum, in coinitatu Abauivariensi, Regiis itnpensia promovendae gloriae Dei erevit: quam fundationem literae Sigismundi, Mariae Regiae, ad annum 1400 rotam habueruni." Fragmen... 1663 In 1384, Queen Maria verified the above permission. In 1389, 1406 and 1419, King Sigismund, Queen Elisabeth and Queen Maria exempted the monastery from paying a special vine tax, the hegyvám. In 1429, Bishop Nicholas consecrated the sanctuary of the monastery, the main altar and a further altar dedicated to the Virgin Mary, moreover, he granted for the church to observe the dedication festival. In 1438, George Kuprecz left a piece of land called Cetnitz in Telkibánya to the monastery in his will. In 1446, Emerich Bebek donated his own part of the mill in Gönc on the Bányapataka stream. His son, Ladislaus, later confirmed this donation. In 1450, the chapter of Jászó installed the monastery into the possession of the mill in Zsujta, above Gönc, mentioned in 1371. In the same year, the monks got possession of two other mills. In that year, a priest called Matthias, son of Ladislaus Kerek Symai in return for two weekly masses prayed for his soul, donated the church of St Catherine in Telkibánya, the hospital with Cheches puszta, Waghner vineyard, a mill on the Olcsva stream and other estates to the monastery. King Matthias strengthened this act in 1471. In 1457, Philip of Pacza with regard to the charter from 1419 confirmed that the monks should not pay uona* In 1464, John, Bishop of Moldavia blessed the Virgin Mary church with its seven altars, and allowed having 40-day long dedication festival. In 1485, the chapter of Lelesz verified that Ladislaus Bolczi, son of Nicholaus Pyke Eszényi sold his properties in Zada for 200 Forints, which were previously his possession. In 1513, Prior Stephen hired the above- mentioned mill at Gönc on the Bányapataka stream. In 1540, the monks are reported to be poor and in need, therefore, the monastery of Terebes gave them the half of their income from a pasture.

107 In 1558, the market town of Gönc rented the possessions of the monastery together with the estates and incomes of Göncruszka. 153. See also Technika 1942 162.Matthias Bel and Windisch had only a hypothesis about the foundation of the monastery, Túróczi (1729) and Bombardi (1750) mixed data about the three monasteries (Gönc, Göncruszka Regéc). See Iványi, 1926, 1617, especially Note 69. Recently, Ernő Marosi inferred that the foundation of the Gönc monastery may be linked to the Bebek family. Still, lacking acceptable written sources, 1 find this idea unfounded. Marosi, 1987, 531. Iványi, 1926 20.