Molnár Mária: Egy Borsod megyei község társadalmi átrétegződése : Borsodgeszt : 1945-1978 (A miskolci Herman Ottó Múzeum néprajzi kiadványai 20. Miskolc, 1965)

RE-DIFFERENTIATION OF A VILLAGE IN COUNTY BORSOD (BORSODGESZT, 1945-1978) (Abstract) This study is based on the results of a former research. The aim of that research was to determine the reasons and factors of pair selection. To clarify these, the work gives a brief socialhistorical review from the abolition of serfdom until 1945. It thoroughly studies the period between the two World Wars. The dissertation makes a comparison between the social differentation and common culture of that age and the social changes in the village between 1945 and 1978. The present research has a communal aspect, i.e. it studies the migrations, social re-arrengements and the changes in the way of life taking place in the village with respect to the community. It considers the movings from the village and examines their reasons and component-factors. The work takes various factors into account in this research: the time, direction and place of the moving-outs, the social status, profession, sex and age of the persons leaving the village. Beginning after 1955, the departures become ever frequent in the second half of the 60-s. The first half of the 70-s is the most considerable with its biggest departure rate. These years indicate the date of the events that brought about more or less significant migrations in all settlements of the country. They tell the time of the organization of the agricultural cooperatives, the compulsory product delivery, the second organization of the cooperatives and the cessation of the producing and administrative independence of the small villages. There is another lesson of this study, i.e.

, the departures were not caused or accelerated by the attraction of the towns but by the events that greatly harmed the chances of the settlement development. It is not the country life what a considerable part of the village folk wants to change for the town's way of life but they merely choose those settlements as residence which provide them more favourable living conditions. The study analyses the profession of the persons having left the village by comparison to that of the former - before 1945 - social stratum. The result of this analysis is that having left the village a high percentage of the persons formerly belonging to the below the average stratum would become unskilled labourers, but a considerable number of them endeavoured to acquire some trade. Incidentally, from below the average strata came those who - being the poorest of the age upto 1945 - often got even to the 61