Szabadfalvi József szerk.: Néprajzi tanulmányok a Zempléni-hegyvidékről (A miskolci Herman Ottó Múzeum néprajzi kiadványai 10. Miskolc, 1965)

Szabó László: Család és rokonság a Zempléni-hegyvidék középső részén

coertion strengthened the homogenity and the coherence of the community. The cohesion of the community was increased by the public labour of the village and of the church, making no difference between the members of the community. The ownership and the work organisation forms, inherited from the feudal era, forged the undifferentiated society together, cut short all tendencies of individualistic, capitalistic upswings and break outs. There were no strictly determined layers even in the villages of the Hernád-valley. The different small families with their local, kindred tied communities could make up an active part of this homogenious community. The clan, had, szer and joint families in the same time used to be the representatives of the material interests of a larger family, sometimes they were communities of goods, making dinamic steps to increase their wealth and to overdo other clans, had, szer or joint families. On this territory the small families and the action groups of kindred ties around them show no such characteristics, since they are not mutual ownership forms or institutions. Their only role is to smooth the daily life, one can say, to make the low level of their way of life bearable. They cure the symptoms and lack any kindiof dinamism. These people thus live a closed up life, and the social problems, for lack of dinamism, were solved by emmigration to America. László Szabó 187