Csengeri Piroska - Tóth Arnold (szerk.): A Herman Ottó Múzeum évkönyve 54. (Miskolc, 2015)
Régészet - Faragó Norbert–K. Tutkovics Eszter–Kalli András: Előzetes jelentés Bükkábrány-Bánya, VII. lelőhely pattintott kőeszköz anyagáról
Előzetes jelentés Bükkábrány-Bánya, VII. lelőhely pattintott kőeszköz anyagáról 37 PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE CHIPPED STONE ASSEMBLAGE OF BÜKKÁBRÁNY-BÁNYA VII Keywords: Middle Neolithic, ALBK I/Szatmár group, chipped stone tools, Bükkábrány Bükkábrány-Bánya, site VII was identified in 2006 during a preliminary survey related to the lignite mine project of Mátrai Erőmű Zrt. The site itself is located at a 2 km distance southeast from the village Bükkábrány (Fig. 1). It is situated on a modest elevation with an orientation of northeast-southwest, which is perpendicular to the Csincse stream. The excavation was conducted in two seasons, first from June to December in 2011, then later in June 2012. During these works on this 3 ha surface it became possible to observe not only a Neolithic settlement dated to the very early LBK (ALBK 1/ Szatmár group), but also a Sarmatian settlement came partly to light, dated to the Roman Empire age (Fig. 2). The settlement features connected to the Neolithic — pit complexes, Fängsgruben, postholes, burials — formed independent units and were arranged repeatedly, which indicates a strict and conscious settlement planning. The ceramic sherds coming from this age can be attributed to the earliest ALBK (Szatmár group) due to their technological marks, forms and decorations. In this paper we give a short preliminary report about the chipped stone tools. The distribution of these pieces is not even, the northern settlement part shows three-four dense spots (Fig. 3), while the southern part looks less frequent. The raw material kit of the 2350 pieces indicates close connections to the Zemplén Mountains, with minor elements originating from the Bükk Mountains (Table T). Most of the chipped pieces are made of obsidian (more than 50 %) which can be attributed almost exclusively to the Carpathian 1. type. The majority of the rest is made of limnosilicites with several subtypes, mainly from the Zemplén Mountains. Some pieces are made of felsiticquartz-porphyry (Fig. 5) which is a specific raw material mostly known in the Paleolithic era. Another remarkable phenomena is the frequent occurrence of the otherwise unworked, unretouched fossilized wood (Fig 6). The assemblage contained a lot of cores, debitage products (Fig. 4) which supposes an extended on-site knapping activity. The tool kit shows laterally retouched blades and flakes mostly (approx. 80 %), while the end-scrapers, truncated blades and trapezes are less abundant (Fig 8). Two particular finds have to be emphasized here, a bifacial obsidian arrowhead (Fig. 9. 2) which is very uncommon in Neolithic context and a fragment of a borer (Fig 9. 1) which is made of an uncertain raw material, probably the aforementioned fossilized wood. To sum up, the chipped stone assemblage of Bükkábrány-Bánya VII fits well into the broader picture which was drawn by other contemporaneous near sites like Mezőkövesd-Mocsolyás (T. BIRÓ 2014) and Füzesabony-Gubakút (T. BIRÓ 2002). [Translated by the authors] Faragó, Norbert— K. Tutkovics, Eszter—Kalli, András
